Relationship between Selective IgA Deficiency and COVID-19 Prognosis.

Japanese journal of infectious diseases 2022 May 24

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The prevalence and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) widely vary among populations. Mucosal immunity is the first barrier to the pathogen's entry into the body. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal immunity. We explored the relationship between selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) and COVID-19 severity. We included 424 patients (203 women) with COVID-19. Eleven patients had SIgAD. Laboratory data of patients with SIgAD and normal IgA levels were compared. The relationship between SIgAD and severe COVID-19 infection was explored using logistic regression analysis. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe COVID-19 disease in patients with SIgAD was approximately 7.7-fold higher than that in other patients (odds ratio [OR], 7.789; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.665-36.690, P = 0.008), while it was 4-fold (OR, 4.053; 95% CI, 1.182-13.903, P = 0.026) higher in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum IgA levels were positively correlated with total lymphocyte counts and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein levels, which was a risk factor for severe COVID-19. In patients with SIgAD, the number of severe acute respiratory coronaviruses 2 that pass through mucosal membranes may be increased, leading to complications such as cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Citation

Fatih Çölkesen, Bahar Kandemir, Şevket Arslan, Fatma Çölkesen, Eray Yıldız, Celalettin Korkmaz, Hülya Vatansev, Recep Evcen, Filiz Sadi Aykan, Mehmet Kılınç, Gökhan Aytekin, Bahadır Feyzioğlu, Metin Doğan, Turgut Teke. Relationship between Selective IgA Deficiency and COVID-19 Prognosis. Japanese journal of infectious diseases. 2022 May 24;75(3):228-233