A General Model to Calculate the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rate (R1) of Blood, Accounting for Hematocrit, Oxygen Saturation, Oxygen Partial Pressure, and Magnetic Field Strength Under Hyperoxic Conditions.

Emma Bluemke, Eleanor Stride, Daniel P Bulte

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2022 May

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Under normal physiological conditions, the spin-lattice relaxation rate (R1) in blood is influenced by many factors, including hematocrit, field strength, and the paramagnetic effects of deoxyhemoglobin and dissolved oxygen. In addition, techniques such as oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require high fractions of inspired oxygen to induce hyperoxia, which complicates the R1 signal further. A quantitative model relating total blood oxygen content to R1 could help explain these effects. To propose and assess a general model to estimate the R1 of blood, accounting for hematocrit, SO2 , PO2 , and B0 under both normal physiological and hyperoxic conditions. Mathematical modeling. One hundred and twenty-six published values of R1 from phantoms and animal models. 5-8.45 T. We propose a two-compartment nonlinear model to calculate R1 as a function of hematocrit, PO2 , and B0. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the best-performing model with the fewest parameters. A previous model of R1 as a function of hematocrit, SO2 , and B0 has been proposed by Hales et al, and our work builds upon this work to make the model applicable under hyperoxic conditions (SO2 > 0.99). Models were assessed using the AIC, mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2 ), and Bland-Altman analysis. The effect of volume fraction constants W RBC and W plasma was assessed by the SD of resulting R1. The range of the model was determined by the maximum and minimum B0, hematocrit, SO2 , and PO2 of the literature data points. Bland-Altman, AIC, MSE, coefficient of determination (R2 ), SD. The model estimates agreed well with the literature values of R1 of blood (R2 = 0.93, MSE = 0.0013 s-2 ), and its performance was consistent across the range of parameters: B0 = 1.5-8.45 T, SO2 = 0.40-1, PO2 = 30-700 mmHg. Using the results from this model, we have quantified and explained the contradictory decrease in R1 reported in oxygen-enhanced MRI and oxygen-delivery experiments. 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Citation

Emma Bluemke, Eleanor Stride, Daniel P Bulte. A General Model to Calculate the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rate (R1) of Blood, Accounting for Hematocrit, Oxygen Saturation, Oxygen Partial Pressure, and Magnetic Field Strength Under Hyperoxic Conditions. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. 2022 May;55(5):1428-1439