Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts.

Mozhgan Razzaghi, Ahmad Homaei, Fabio Vianello, Taha Azad, Tanvi Sharma, Ashok Kumar Nadda, Roberto Stevanato, Muhammad Bilal, Hafiz M N Iqbal

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 2022 Feb

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Immobilized enzyme-based catalytic constructs could greatly improve various industrial processes due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and reaction specificity. In recent decades, nano-enzymes, defined as enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials, gained popularity for the enzymes' improved stability, reusability, and ease of separation from the biocatalytic process. Thus, enzymes can be strategically incorporated into nanostructured materials to engineer nano-enzymes, such as nanoporous particles, nanofibers, nanoflowers, nanogels, nanomembranes, metal-organic frameworks, multi-walled or single-walled carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles with tuned shape and size. Surface-area-to-volume ratio, pore-volume, chemical compositions, electrical charge or conductivity of nanomaterials, protein charge, hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition on protein surface play fundamental roles in the nano-enzyme preparation and catalytic properties. With proper understanding, the optimization of the above-mentioned factors will lead to favorable micro-environments for biocatalysts of industrial relevance. Thus, the application of nano-enzymes promise to further strengthen the advances in catalysis, biotransformation, biosensing, and biomarker discovery. Herein, this review article spotlights recent progress in nano-enzyme development and their possible implementation in different areas, including biomedicine, biosensors, bioremediation of industrial pollutants, biofuel production, textile, leather, detergent, food industries and antifouling. © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Citation

Mozhgan Razzaghi, Ahmad Homaei, Fabio Vianello, Taha Azad, Tanvi Sharma, Ashok Kumar Nadda, Roberto Stevanato, Muhammad Bilal, Hafiz M N Iqbal. Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering. 2022 Feb;45(2):237-256