F9 missense mutations impairing factor IX activation are associated with pleiotropic plasma phenotypes.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2022 Jan

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Circulating dysfunctional factor IX (FIX) might modulate distribution of infused FIX in hemophilia B (HB) patients. Recurrent substitutions at FIX activation sites (R191-R226, >300 patients) are associated with variable FIX activity and antigen (FIXag) levels. To investigate the (1) expression of a complete panel of missense mutations at FIX activation sites and (2) contribution of F9 genotypes on the FIX pharmacokinetics (PK). We checked FIX activity and antigen and activity assays in plasma and after recombinant expression of FIX variants and performed an analysis of infused FIX PK parameters in patients (n = 30), mostly enrolled in the F9 Genotype and PK HB Italian Study (GePKHIS; EudraCT ID2017-003902-42). The variable FIXag amounts and good relation between biosynthesis and activity of multiple R191 variants results in graded moderate-to-mild severity of the R191C>L>P>H substitutions. Recombinant expression may predict the absence in the HB mutation database of the benign R191Q/W/K and R226K substitutions. Equivalent changes at R191/R226 produced higher FIXag levels for R226Q/W/P substitutions, as also observed in p.R226W female carrier plasma. Pharmacokinetics analysis in patients suggested that infused FIX Alpha distribution and Beta elimination phases positively correlated with endogenous FIXag levels. Mean residence time was particularly prolonged (79.4 h, 95% confidence interval 44.3-114.5) in patients (n = 7) with the R191/R226 substitutions, which in regression analysis were independent predictors (β coefficient 0.699, P = .004) of Beta half-life, potentially prolonged by the increasing over time ratio between endogenous and infused FIX. FIX activity and antigen levels and specific features of the dysfunctional R191/R226 variants may exert pleiotropic effects both on HB patients' phenotypes and substitutive treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Citation

Alessio Branchini, Massimo Morfini, Barbara Lunghi, Donata Belvini, Paolo Radossi, Loredana Bury, Maria Luisa Serino, Paola Giordano, Dorina Cultrera, Angelo Claudio Molinari, Mariasanta Napolitano, Elisabetta Bigagli, Giancarlo Castaman, Mirko Pinotti, Francesco Bernardi, GePKHIS Study Group of AICE. F9 missense mutations impairing factor IX activation are associated with pleiotropic plasma phenotypes. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2022 Jan;20(1):69-81