Mitochondrial phylogenetic and diversity analysis in Azi-Kheli buffalo.

Farhad Ali, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz, Nadar Khan, Obaid Ullah, Faizul Hassan, Syed Muhammad Suhail, Rajwali Khan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq Zeb

Tropical animal health and production 2021 Oct 12

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The present study was conducted for the first time in Pakistan to investigate Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1) gene and full-length Displacement Loop (D-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA in Azi-Kheli buffalo breed native to northern hilly areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The present study was designed to investigate phylogeny and diversity in Azi-Kheli buffalo, through two mitochondrial DNA regions, i.e., Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit-I (CO1) and Displacement Loop (D-loop) region. Thirty (30) blood samples were taken from Azi-Kheli pure breed animals from original breeding tract, i.e., Khwazakhela, Swat. Polymerase chain reactions using gene-specific primers were carried out for amplifying 709-bp region of CO1 gene and 1159-bp region of D-Loop for identification, phylogeny, and diversity in Azi-Kheli buffalo, respectively. The sequences of CO1 gene revealed four (04) haplotypes, whereas D-loop sequences revealed five (05) haplotypes. Mean interspecific diversity with related species was 2.56%, and mean intraspecific diversity within Azi-Kheli buffalo was 0.25%, estimated via Kimura-2 parameter. Phylogenetic tree (maximum likelihood) revealed clustering of Azi-Kheli haplotypes with river buffalo and is distinct from swamp buffalo and other related species of genus Bubalus. Mean haplotype and nucleotide diversity of D-loop were Hd = 0.9601 ± SD = 0.096 and π = 0.01208 ± SD = 0.00182, respectively. Phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining) revealed two main clades, i.e., river buffalo and swamp buffalo clade. The haplotypes of Azi-Kheli clustered with haplotypes of different river buffalo breeds at different positions. The current study suggests that Azi-Kheli has common origin with other river buffalo breeds; hence, it is river buffalo which harbors high genetic diversity. © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

Citation

Farhad Ali, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz, Nadar Khan, Obaid Ullah, Faizul Hassan, Syed Muhammad Suhail, Rajwali Khan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq Zeb. Mitochondrial phylogenetic and diversity analysis in Azi-Kheli buffalo. Tropical animal health and production. 2021 Oct 12;53(5):512