Elastin MIcrofibriL INterfacer1 (EMILIN-1) is an alternative prosurvival VLA-4 ligand in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Hematological oncology 2022 Apr

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CD49d, the α4 chain of the VLA-4 integrin, is a negative prognosticator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with a key role in CLL cell-microenvironment interactions mainly occurring via its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin. In the present study, we focused on EMILIN-1 (Elastin-MIcrofibriL-INterfacer-1), an alternative VLA-4 ligand whose role has been so far reported only in non-hematological settings, by investigating: i) the distribution of EMILIN-1 in CLL-involved tissues; ii) the capability of EMILIN-1 to operate, via its globular C1q (gC1q) domain, as additional adhesion ligand in CLL; iii) the functional meaning of EMILIN-1 gC1q/VLA-4 interactions in CLL. EMILIN-1 is widely present in the CLL-involved areas of bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) without difference between CD49d negative and positive cases, displaying at least three different expression patterns: "fibrillar", "dot-like" and "mixed". The lack in CLL-BMB of neutrophil elastase, whose proteolytic activity degrades EMILIN-1 and impairs EMILIN-1 function, suggests full functional EMILIN-1 in CLL independently of its expression pattern. Functionally, EMILIN-1 gC1q domain promotes adhesion of CLL cells through specific interaction with VLA-4, and releases pro-survival signals for CLL cells, as demonstrated by enhanced ERK and AKT phosphorylation and impairment of in-vitro-induced apoptosis. EMILIN-1/VLA-4 interaction can efficiently contribute to the maintenance of the neoplastic clone in CLL. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Citation

Erika Tissino, Eliana Pivetta, Alessandra Capuano, Guido Capasso, Riccardo Bomben, Chiara Caldana, Francesca Maria Rossi, Federico Pozzo, Dania Benedetti, Renzo Boldorini, Gianluca Gaidano, Davide Rossi, Alberto Zamò, Tanja Nicole Hartmann, Roberto Doliana, Alfonso Colombatti, Valter Gattei, Paola Spessotto, Antonella Zucchetto. Elastin MIcrofibriL INterfacer1 (EMILIN-1) is an alternative prosurvival VLA-4 ligand in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematological oncology. 2022 Apr;40(2):181-190