Jpx RNA regulates CTCF anchor site selection and formation of chromosome loops.

Hyun Jung Oh, Rodrigo Aguilar, Barry Kesner, Hun-Goo Lee, Andrea J Kriz, Hsueh-Ping Chu, Jeannie T Lee

Cell 2021 Dec 09

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Chromosome loops shift dynamically during development, homeostasis, and disease. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is known to anchor loops and construct 3D genomes, but how anchor sites are selected is not yet understood. Here, we unveil Jpx RNA as a determinant of anchor selectivity. Jpx RNA targets thousands of genomic sites, preferentially binding promoters of active genes. Depleting Jpx RNA causes ectopic CTCF binding, massive shifts in chromosome looping, and downregulation of >700 Jpx target genes. Without Jpx, thousands of lost loops are replaced by de novo loops anchored by ectopic CTCF sites. Although Jpx controls CTCF binding on a genome-wide basis, it acts selectively at the subset of developmentally sensitive CTCF sites. Specifically, Jpx targets low-affinity CTCF motifs and displaces CTCF protein through competitive inhibition. We conclude that Jpx acts as a CTCF release factor and shapes the 3D genome by regulating anchor site usage. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Hyun Jung Oh, Rodrigo Aguilar, Barry Kesner, Hun-Goo Lee, Andrea J Kriz, Hsueh-Ping Chu, Jeannie T Lee. Jpx RNA regulates CTCF anchor site selection and formation of chromosome loops. Cell. 2021 Dec 09;184(25):6157-6173.e24