Alphaviruses are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from incapacitating arthritis to potentially fatal encephalitis. While infection by arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses results in distinct clinical manifestations, both virus groups induce robust innate and adaptive immune responses. However, differences in cellular tropism, type I interferon induction, immune cell recruitment, and B and T cell responses result in differential disease progression and outcome. In this review, we discuss aspects of immune responses that contribute to protective or pathogenic outcomes after alphavirus infection.
Natasha M Kafai, Michael S Diamond, Julie M Fox. Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection. Annual review of immunology. 2022 Apr 26;40:615-649
PMID: 35134315
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