Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes.

Chronically elevated circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497 abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors, chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights into enzyme-inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.

Citation

Gernot F Grabner, Nikolaus Guttenberger, Nicole Mayer, Anna K Migglautsch-Sulzer, Christian Lembacher-Fadum, Nermeen Fawzy, Dominik Bulfon, Peter Hofer, Thomas Züllig, Lennart Hartig, Natalia Kulminskaya, Gabriel Chalhoub, Margarita Schratter, Franz P W Radner, Karina Preiss-Landl, Sarah Masser, Achim Lass, Rudolf Zechner, Karl Gruber, Monika Oberer, Rolf Breinbauer, Robert Zimmermann. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2022 Apr 13;144(14):6237-6250

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PMID: 35362954

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