T-cell evasion and invasion during HIV-1 infection: The role of HIV-1 Tat protein.

Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen, Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil, Homa Darmani

Cellular immunology 2022 Jul

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T-cell-mediated immune responses play indispensable roles in the defense against infectious pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which can establish a persistent infection that leads to many alterations in T-cell-mediated immunity. The latter include T-cell hyperactivation and depletion, both of which are essential for disease progression. Determining the factors and mechanisms pathways that lead to such abnormalities in T-cell mediated immunity during HIV-1 infection and ascertaining how the virus is able to evade immune responses elicited by T cells are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection, which in turn, could lead to new insights that may accelerate the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies. To this end, we addressed the roles played by HIV-1 Tat protein, one of the first proteins to be expressed, in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, focusing on the pathological effects of this protein in the cellular adaptive immune response in which T cells are intimately involved. Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Citation

Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen, Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil, Homa Darmani. T-cell evasion and invasion during HIV-1 infection: The role of HIV-1 Tat protein. Cellular immunology. 2022 Jul;377:104554