Inhibitory activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against herpes simplex virus type 1.

Xuanhe Pan, Yapeng Zhang, Yiming Zhao, Siqi Yao, Chaxiang Guan, Linqian Wang, Liyu Chen

Archives of virology 2022 Aug

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common pathogen that infects 50-90% of the world's population and causes a variety of diseases, some of which can be life-threatening. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In this study, we investigated the activity of AgNPs against HSV-1 and found that AgNPs effectively inhibited plaque formation and HSV-1 progeny production, reduced the genomic load, and interfered with HSV-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that AgNPs interacted with HSV-1 and altered the shape of the viral particles. Furthermore, AgNPs affected the entry of HSV-1 into cells as well as their release and cell-to-cell spread. AgNPs were also found to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon HSV-1 infection. Combined treatment with AgNPs and acyclovir (ACV) confirmed that AgNPs significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of ACV against HSV-1. Our findings may contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of the antiviral effect of AgNPs against HSV-1 and help to provide a theoretical basis for their clinical application. © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.

Citation

Xuanhe Pan, Yapeng Zhang, Yiming Zhao, Siqi Yao, Chaxiang Guan, Linqian Wang, Liyu Chen. Inhibitory activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against herpes simplex virus type 1. Archives of virology. 2022 Aug;167(8):1619-1636