Low Gestational Weight Gain in Women With Gestational Diabetes Is Safe With Better Metabolic Profile Postpartum.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2023 Feb 15

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More data are needed on the potential benefits and risks of gestational weight gain (GWG) less than recommended and excessive GWG in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during pregnancy. This work aimed to evaluate association of gestational weight gain (GWG) as low, within, or above (excessive) according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, with pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). This prospective cohort study included 7 Belgian hospitals and 1843 women receiving universal GDM screening with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum characteristics were the main outcome measures. Women with GDM and low GWG (n = 97, 52.4%) had similar rates of small-for-gestational age infants and preterm delivery, were less often overweight or obese postpartum (35.7% [30] vs 56.5% [26]; P < .022) and less often had postpartum weight retention (PPWR) (48.8% [41] vs 87.9% [40]; P < .001) compared to GWG within range (n = 58, 31.3%). GDM with excessive GWG (n = 30, 16.2%) more often had neonatal hypoglycemia (30.8% (8) vs 5.9% [3], aOR 7.15; 95% CI, 1.52-33.63; P = .013) compared to GWG within range. NGT with excessive GWG (28.3% [383]) more often had instrumental delivery (15.9% [61] vs 11.9% [64], aOR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.03-2.27; P = .035) and more large-for-gestational age infants (19.3% [74] vs 10.4% [56], aOR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.13-2.47; P = .012) compared to GWG within range. GWG below IOM guidelines occurred frequently in GDM women, without increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and with better metabolic profile postpartum. Excessive GWG was associated with increased risk for neonatal hypoglycemia and worse metabolic profile postpartum in women with GDM, and with higher rates of LGA and instrumental delivery in NGT women. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Citation

Caro Minschart, Astrid Lammertyn, Paul Van Crombrugge, Carolien Moyson, Johan Verhaeghe, Sofie Vandeginste, Hilde Verlaenen, Chris Vercammen, Toon Maes, Els Dufraimont, Nele Roggen, Christophe De Block, Yves Jacquemyn, Farah Mekahli, Katrien De Clippel, Annick Van Den Bruel, Anne Loccufier, Annouschka Laenen, Roland Devlieger, Chantal Mathieu, Katrien Benhalima. Low Gestational Weight Gain in Women With Gestational Diabetes Is Safe With Better Metabolic Profile Postpartum. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2023 Feb 15;108(3):665-679