An in vitro study of the effects of Phellodendron bark extract and berberine chloride on periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome.

Takuma Okuda, Ryutaro Jo, Kota Tsutsumi, Daisuke Watai, Chikako Ishihara, Kazuma Yama, Yuto Aita, Takuya Inokuchi, Mitsuo Kimura, Takashi Chikazawa, Eiji Nishinaga, Koji Yamamoto

Journal of oral biosciences 2023 Mar

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Periodontal disease is triggered by oral microbiome dysbiosis. Thus, to prevent its onset, it is important to maintain relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome at a low level. While Phellodendron bark extract (PBE) and its active ingredient, berberine, exert antibacterial effects on periodontal pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, their effects on the oral microbiome as a whole remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential of PBE and berberine chloride (BC) in regulating the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. Saliva was collected from 20 participants. Each participant's saliva was combined separately with P. gingivalis suspension and either PBE or BC in a modified basal medium. The samples were then incubated under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. After cultivation, we determined the total bacterial concentration using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and the bacterial composition using 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The total bacterial concentration was reduced because of treatment with PBE and BC. Bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing confirmed that treatment with PBE and BC significantly reduced the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria, including red and orange complex bacteria. Our findings suggest that PBE and BC reduce the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. Thus, PBE and BC can aid in preventing periodontal disease, given their ability to regulate the oral microbiome composition and their anti-inflammatory effects. Copyright © 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Takuma Okuda, Ryutaro Jo, Kota Tsutsumi, Daisuke Watai, Chikako Ishihara, Kazuma Yama, Yuto Aita, Takuya Inokuchi, Mitsuo Kimura, Takashi Chikazawa, Eiji Nishinaga, Koji Yamamoto. An in vitro study of the effects of Phellodendron bark extract and berberine chloride on periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. Journal of oral biosciences. 2023 Mar;65(1):72-79