Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity and some strategies to protect vascular smooth muscle cell against proliferative phenotype in metabolic syndrome.

Ocarol López-Acosta, Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez, Miguel-Ángel Barrios-Maya, Javier Alarcon-Aguilar, Julio Alarcon-Enos, Carlos L Céspedes Acuña, Mohammed El-Hafidi

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2023 Feb

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis through a mechanism that involves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Several molecules found to be increased in MetS, including free fatty acids, fatty acid binding protein 4, leptin, resistin, oxidized lipoprotein particles, and advanced glycation end products, influence VSMC proliferation. Most of these molecules act through their receptors on VSMCs by activating several signaling pathways associated with ROS generation in various cellular compartments. ROS from NADPH-oxidase and mitochondria have been found to promote VSMC proliferation and cell cycle progression. In addition, most of the natural or synthetic substances described in this review, including pharmaceuticals with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, attenuate VSMC proliferation by their simultaneous modulation of cell signaling and their scavenging property due to the presence of a phenolic ring in their structure. This review discusses recent data in the literature on the role that several MetS-related molecules and ROS play in the change from contractile to proliferative phenotype of VSMCs. Hence the importance of proposing an appropriate strategy to prevent uncontrolled VSMC proliferation using antioxidants, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation

Ocarol López-Acosta, Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez, Miguel-Ángel Barrios-Maya, Javier Alarcon-Aguilar, Julio Alarcon-Enos, Carlos L Céspedes Acuña, Mohammed El-Hafidi. Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity and some strategies to protect vascular smooth muscle cell against proliferative phenotype in metabolic syndrome. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2023 Feb;172:113546