Imaging of Liposomes by Negative Staining Transmission Electron Microscopy and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Morphological characteristics of liposomes, such as size and lamellarity directly impact their quality and biological performance of encapsulated drug. Gaining insights into these parameters may also help ensure identification and utilization of most efficient process parameters for liposomes manufacturing. Direct imaging of such self-assembling colloidal structures, although challenging, is feasible through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which uses nanometer scale wavelength of electrons for illumination, enabling an accurate assessment of the morphological characteristics of liposomes. This chapter will provide background information on the working principle and general sample preparation procedure for the two most commonly used TEM techniques for imaging liposomes, viz. negative staining transmission electron microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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Anand S Ubhe. Imaging of Liposomes by Negative Staining Transmission Electron Microscopy and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2023;2622:245-251

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PMID: 36781767

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