The association between Adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children.

Ga Eun Kim, Hyung Jun Kim, Han Jun Jin

Gene 2023 Aug 05

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Particularly, ADHD is known to be related to the dopaminergic system. ADHD symptoms can appear when the dopamine binding affinity diminishes due to dopamine receptor abnormalities, such as the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). This receptor interacts with the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). The A2AR acts as an antagonist of D2R, that is, the increased binding of adenosine with A2AR inhibits the D2R activity. Furthermore, it is found that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adenosine A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A) revealed a significant relationship with ADHD in various populations. Therefore, we examined the genetic relationship between ADORA2A polymorphisms (rs2297838, rs5751876, and rs4822492) and Korean ADHD children. A case-control study was performed for 150 cases and 322 controls. Genotyping of ADORA2A polymorphisms was conducted by PCR-RFLP. The results demonstrated that the rs5751876 TC genotype was associated with children with ADHD (p = 0.018). The rs2298383 CC genotype was significantly associated with children with ADHD/HI (p = 0.026). However, when Bonferroni correction was used, the significance vanished (padjusted = 0.054 and padjusted = 0.078, respectively). Haplotype analysis showed that TTC, TCC, and CTG demonstrated a significant difference between ADHD/C children and control groups (padjusted = 0.006, padjusted = 0.011, and padjusted = 0.028, respectively). In conclusion, we propose a possible association between ADORA2A polymorphisms with Korean children having ADHD. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Ga Eun Kim, Hyung Jun Kim, Han Jun Jin. The association between Adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Gene. 2023 Aug 05;876:147503