Clear Search sequence regions


Sizes of these terms reflect their relevance to your search.

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Abnormal accumulation of PPIX due to certain pathological conditions such as erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria causes painful phototoxic reactions of the skin, which can significantly impact daily life. Endothelial cells in the skin have been proposed as the primary target for PPIX-induced phototoxicity through light-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species. Current approaches for the management of PPIX-induced phototoxicity include opaque clothing, sunscreens, phototherapy, blood therapy, antioxidants, bone marrow transplantation, and drugs that increase skin pigmentation. In this review, we discuss the present understanding of PPIX-induced phototoxicity including PPIX production and disposition, conditions that lead to PPIX accumulation, symptoms and individual differences, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Zahir Hussain, Qian Qi, Junjie Zhu, Karl E Anderson, Xiaochao Ma. Protoporphyrin IX-induced phototoxicity: Mechanisms and therapeutics. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2023 Aug;248:108487

Expand section icon Mesh Tags

Expand section icon Substances


PMID: 37392940

View Full Text