Daptomycin Plus Oxacillin for Persistent Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

The preferred antibiotic salvage regimen for persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MSSAB) is unclear. Ertapenem with cefazolin or an antistaphylococcal penicillin has been primarily described, but identifying alternative carbapenem-sparing options may support antibiotic stewardship efforts and decrease the risk of antibiotic-associated Clostridioides difficile infection.We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of daptomycin plus oxacillin (D/O) for persistent MSSAB.This was a single-center, retrospective cohort of patients with persistent MSSAB who received D/O between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2023. Adult patients were included if they had blood cultures positive for MSSA ≥72 hours and received D/O combination for ≥48 hours. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, incarcerated, or received another antibiotic considered to have excellent activity against MSSA. The primary outcome was time to MSSA bacteremia clearance post-daptomycin initiation. Secondary outcomes included microbiological cure, hospital length of stay, 90-day all-cause mortality, MSSA bacteremia-related mortality, 90-day readmission for MSSAB, and incidence of antibiotic-associated adverse effects. Time to MSSAB clearance post-D/O initiation was plotted using Kaplan-Meier estimation.Seven unique patient encounters were identified including 4 with endocarditis. Despite a median MSSA bacteremia duration of 7.8 days, median clearance was 2 days post-daptomycin initiation. All achieved microbiological cure, and no adverse effects were reported. Ninety-day all-cause mortality, MSSAB-related mortality, and 90-day readmission for MSSAB occurred in 28.6%, 14.3%, and 14.3% of patients, respectively.D/O was an effective, well-tolerated salvage regimen in this cohort and may represent a carbapenem-sparing option for persistent MSSAB.

Citation

Wesley D Kufel, Zoey Zagoria, Bruce E Blaine, Jeffrey M Steele, Rahul Mahapatra, Kristopher M Paolino, Stephen J Thomas. Daptomycin Plus Oxacillin for Persistent Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2023 Aug 05:1060028023118988810600280231189888

PMID: 37542415

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