Cell shape instability during cytokinesis in tetraploid HCT116 cells.

Takahiro Yamamoto, Ryota Uehara

Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2023 Oct 20

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Tetraploidy is a hallmark of broad cancer types, but it remains largely unknown which aspects of cellular processes are influenced by tetraploidization in human cells. Here, we found that tetraploid HCT116 cells manifested severe cell shape instability during cytokinesis, unlike their diploid counterparts. The cell shape instability accompanied the formation of protrusive deformation at the cell poles, indicating ectopic contractile activity of the cell cortex. While cytokinesis regulators such as RhoA and anillin correctly accumulated at the equatorial cortex, myosin II was over-accumulated at the cell poles, specifically in tetraploid cells. Suppression of myosin II activity by Y27632 treatment restored smooth cell shape in tetraploids during cytokinesis, indicating dysregulation of myosin II as a primary cause of the cell shape instability in the tetraploid state. Our results demonstrate a new aspect of the dynamic cellular process profoundly affected by tetraploidization in human cells, which provides a clue to molecular mechanisms of tetraploidy-driven pathogenic processes. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Takahiro Yamamoto, Ryota Uehara. Cell shape instability during cytokinesis in tetraploid HCT116 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2023 Oct 20;678:39-44