Oestrogen receptor-independent actions of oestrogen in cancer.

Prarthana Gopinath, Revathi Paramasivam Oviya, Gopal Gopisetty

Molecular biology reports 2023 Nov

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Oestrogen, the primary female sex hormone, plays a significant role in tumourigenesis. The major pathway for oestrogen is via binding to its receptor [oestrogen receptor (ERα or β)], followed by nuclear translocation and transcriptional regulation of target genes. Almost 70% of breast tumours are ER + , and endocrine therapies with selective ER modulators (tamoxifen) have been successfully applied. As many as 25% of tamoxifen-treated patients experience disease relapse within 5 years upon completion of chemotherapy. In such cases, the ER-independent oestrogen actions provide a plausible explanation for the resistance, as well as expands the existing horizon of available drug targets. ER-independent oestrogen signalling occurs via one of the following pathways: signalling through membrane receptors, oxidative catabolism giving rise to genotoxic metabolites, effects on mitochondria and redox balance, and induction of inflammatory cytokines. The current review focuses on the non-classical oestrogen signalling, its role in cancer, and its clinical significance. © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

Citation

Prarthana Gopinath, Revathi Paramasivam Oviya, Gopal Gopisetty. Oestrogen receptor-independent actions of oestrogen in cancer. Molecular biology reports. 2023 Nov;50(11):9497-9509