Clinical, Functional, and Nutritional Efficacy of a Glutamine-Enriched Oligomeric Diet in Patients with Rectal Cancer.

Nutrition and cancer 2024

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This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation with a glutamine-enriched oligomeric diet (GEOD) compared to a standard polymeric diet (SPD) in terms of oncology treatment-related diarrhea (OTRD) (frequency and consistency of stools), gastrointestinal toxicity, and functional and nutritional progress. This prospective cohort study compared two groups of patients with rectal cancer in treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy who were at risk of malnutrition. Patients were randomized to receive either 400 ml of GEOD or of SPD from the start of radiotherapy to 30 days after its completion. Eighty patients were recruited, 40 per arm. The GEOD arm had improved stool consistency and a greater reduction in the number of stools compared to the SPD arm (p < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of developing diarrhea in the GEOD arm was 0.059 (95% CI 0.015-0.229). There was a reduced risk of developing intestinal mucositis in the GEOD arm compared to the SPD arm [RR 0.202 (95% CI 0.102 - 0.399)]. The GEOD arm had greater improvements in functional and nutritional status (p < 0.001). GEOD had a protective effect in terms of the development of gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment in patients with rectal cancer.

Citation

Johanna Del Carmen Peña Vivas, Andrea Carolina Orduz Arena, Ana Alonso García, Carlos Fernando Carrascal Gordillo, Rocío Martínez Gutiérrez, Cristina Rodríguez-Acosta Caballero, Ignacio Fernández Freije, Ana Belén Paino Martínez, Tamara Belloso Cuesta, Germán Juan Rijo, Alicia Calleja Fernández. Clinical, Functional, and Nutritional Efficacy of a Glutamine-Enriched Oligomeric Diet in Patients with Rectal Cancer. Nutrition and cancer. 2024;76(1):128-136