Pb induces the release of CXCL10 and CCL2 chemokines via mtROS/NF-κB activation in BV-2 cells.

Chenghao Jiang, Xintong Li, Cui Xiang, Fang Ye

Toxicology letters 2024 Jan

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Lead (Pb), a well-known environmental pollutant, could cause damage of microglia, the resident macrophages vitally regulating inflammation in brain. Previous studies have found that Pb exposure induces typical pro-inflammatory factors release, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but what effects of Pb treatment below the dose causing these factors release are unknown. Thus, cytokines assay was performed to identify the factors released from Pb-treated BV-2 cells at 2.5 μM, causing no effects on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 release and cell death. Cytokines assay identified low doses of Pb exposure mainly induce an increase in specific chemokines, including CXCL10, CCL2, and CXCL2, which were confirmed by ELISA. Subsequent assessment found Pb could damage mitochondria function and generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and Mito TEMPO, a specific inhibitor of mtROS, suppressed Pb-caused upregulation of CXCL10 and CCL2, but not CXCL2. Finally, we determined that mtROS mediated Pb-induced activation of NF-κB pathway, as Mito TEMPO treatment inhibited P-p65/p65 escalation during Pb treatment. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway by Bay11-7821 suppressed the release of CXCL10 and CCL2. Collectively, low dose of Pb induces the release of CXCL10 and CCL2 chemokines, but not TNF-α and IL-1β, via mtROS/NF-κB activation in BV-2 cells. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Chenghao Jiang, Xintong Li, Cui Xiang, Fang Ye. Pb induces the release of CXCL10 and CCL2 chemokines via mtROS/NF-κB activation in BV-2 cells. Toxicology letters. 2024 Jan;391:62-70