Target Analysis of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes and Nontarget Screening of Organic Chemicals in Bovine Milk, Infant Formula, and Adult Milk Powder by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Ziyuan Qi, Zherui Zhang, Rong Jin, Lei Zhang, Minghui Zheng, Jingguang Li, Yongning Wu, Cheng Li, Bingcheng Lin, Yahui Liu, Guorui Liu

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2024 Jan 10

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Infant formula is intended as an effective substitute for breast milk but is the main source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) to nonbreastfed infants. We performed target and nontarget analyses to determine PCNs and identify other organic contaminants in infant formula. The mean PCN concentrations in infant formula, milk powder, and bovine milk were 106.1, 88.8, and 78.2 μg kg-1 of dry weight, respectively. The PCN congener profiles indicated that thermal processes and raw materials were probably the main sources of PCNs in infant formula. A health risk assessment indicated that PCNs in infant formula do not pose health risks to infants. Using gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, 352, 372, and 161 organic chemicals were identified in the infant formula, milk powder, and bovine milk samples, respectively. Phthalate esters were detected in all four plastic-packed milk powder samples. The results indicated milk becomes more contaminated with organic chemicals during manufacturing, processing, and packaging.

Citation

Ziyuan Qi, Zherui Zhang, Rong Jin, Lei Zhang, Minghui Zheng, Jingguang Li, Yongning Wu, Cheng Li, Bingcheng Lin, Yahui Liu, Guorui Liu. Target Analysis of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes and Nontarget Screening of Organic Chemicals in Bovine Milk, Infant Formula, and Adult Milk Powder by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2024 Jan 10;72(1):773-782