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Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease that has mainly been treated with colchicine since 1972. A significant portion of patients do not respond to colchicine and require further treatment, mainly IL-1β antagonists such as anakinra, canakinumab and rilonacept as IL-1β has a crucial role in pathogenesis of FMF. This review summarizes the current approach to treating FMF and discovers the pharmacological and clinical utility of IL-1 blocking agents based on accumulated evidence with a focus on anakinra. This review focuses on anakinra treatment in FMF. The data obtained from case reports, case series, retrospective studies and a Phase III trial are analyzed. Safety and efficacy profiles of anakinra are discussed. Anakinra is the cheapest anti-IL-1 agent used in the treatment of colchicine-resistant FMF. It is shown to be effective and safe when used in adjunct to colchicine however its short half-life and potential to cause injection site reactions limit its use.

Citation

Kerem Parlar, Muhammed Bahaddin Ates, Bugra Han Egeli, Serdal Ugurlu. The clinical role of anakinra in the armamentarium against familial Mediterranean fever. Expert review of clinical immunology. 2024 May;20(5):441-453

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PMID: 38133629

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