Improving bone defect healing using magnesium phosphate granules with tailored degradation characteristics.

Dental implant placement frequently requires preceding bone augmentation, for example, with hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules. However, HA is degraded very slowly in vivo and for β-TCP inconsistent degradation profiles from too rapid to rather slow are reported. To shorten the healing time before implant placement, rapidly resorbing synthetic materials are of great interest. In this study, we investigated the potential of magnesium phosphates in granular form as bone replacement materials. Spherical granules of four different materials were prepared via an emulsion process and investigated in trabecular bone defects in sheep: struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O), farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and β-TCP. All materials except K-struvite exhibited promising support of bone regeneration, biomechanical properties and degradation. Struvite and β-TCP granules degraded at a similar rate, with a relative granules area of 29% and 30% of the defect area 4 months after implantation, respectively, whereas 18% was found for farringtonite. Only the K-struvite granules degraded too rapidly, with a relative granules area of 2% remaining, resulting in initial fibrous tissue formation and intermediate impairment of biomechanical properties. We demonstrated that the magnesium phosphates struvite and farringtonite have a comparable or even improved degradation behavior in vivo compared to β-TCP. This emphasizes that magnesium phosphates may be a promising alternative to established calcium phosphate bone substitute materials. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Lena Schröter, Friederike Kaiser, Oliver Küppers, Svenja Stein, Benjamin Krüger, Philipp Wohlfahrt, Isabel Geroneit, Philipp Stahlhut, Uwe Gbureck, Anita Ignatius. Improving bone defect healing using magnesium phosphate granules with tailored degradation characteristics. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials. 2024 Mar;40(3):508-519

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PMID: 38199893

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