Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19.

The emergence of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global health crisis, challenging the healthcare systems worldwide. Amidst the rapid development of several vaccine formulations, protein subunit vaccines have emerged as a promising approach. This article provides an in-depth evaluation of the role of protein subunit vaccines in the management of COVID-19. Leveraging viral protein fragments, particularly the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines elicit a targeted immune response without the risk of inducing disease. Notably, the robust safety profile of protein subunit vaccines makes them a compelling candidate in the management of COVID-19. Various innovative approaches, including reverse vaccinology, virus like particles, and recombinant modifications are incorporated to develop protein subunit vaccines. In addition, the utilization of advanced manufacturing techniques facilitates large-scale production, ensuring widespread distribution. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, such as the requirement for cold-chain storage and the necessity for booster doses. This article evaluates the formulation and applications of protein subunit vaccines, providing a comprehensive overview of their clinical development and approvals in the context of COVID-19. By addressing the current status and challenges, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimizing protein subunit vaccines for effective pandemic control. Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Citation

Vivek P Chavda, Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali, Pankti C Balar, Subhash C Chauhan, Nikita Tiwari, Somanshi Shukla, Mansi Athalye, Vandana Patravale, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Murali M Yallapu. Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2024 Feb;366:761-782

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PMID: 38219913

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