Facial and genital color ornamentation, testosterone, and reproductive output in high-ranking male rhesus macaques.

Gisela Sobral, Constance Dubuc, Sandra Winters, Angelina Ruiz-Lambides, Melissa Emery Thompson, Dario Maestripieri, Krista M Milich

Scientific reports 2024 Jan 31

filter terms:

Males in many vertebrate species have colorful ornaments that evolved by sexual selection. The role of androgens in the genesis and maintenance of these signals is unclear. We studied 21 adult high-ranking male rhesus macaques from nine social groups in the free-ranging population on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, and analyzed facial and genital skin luminance and redness, fecal androgens, rates of mating behaviors, and offspring sired. Facial and genital coloration varied in relation to age, mating behavior, reproductive success, and testosterone concentration. Our results indicate that skin coloration in high-ranking male rhesus macaques is a sexually-selected trait mediated by androgens. These results add to the growing literature on the proximate and ultimate causes of male sexual signals and highlight the need to examine how these characteristics change with age in other species. © 2024. The Author(s).

Citation

Gisela Sobral, Constance Dubuc, Sandra Winters, Angelina Ruiz-Lambides, Melissa Emery Thompson, Dario Maestripieri, Krista M Milich. Facial and genital color ornamentation, testosterone, and reproductive output in high-ranking male rhesus macaques. Scientific reports. 2024 Jan 31;14(1):2621