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Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is one of the most famous coinhibitory receptors that are expressed on effector T cells to regulate their function. The PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, are expressed by various cells throughout the body at steady state and their expression was further regulated within different pathological conditions such as tumor-bearing and chronic inflammatory diseases. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 has become a standard treatment for various malignancies and has shown remarkable antitumor effects. Since the discovery of PD-1 in 1992, a huge number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the function of PD-1. Herein, this paper provides an overview of PD-1 biological findings and sheds some light on the current technology for molecular imaging of PD-1. © 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Citation

Wataru Nishi, Ei Wakamatsu, Hiroaki Machiyama, Ryohei Matsushima, Yosuke Yoshida, Tetsushi Nishikawa, Hiroko Toyota, Masae Furuhata, Hitoshi Nishijima, Arata Takeuchi, Makoto Suzuki, Tadashi Yokosuka. Molecular Imaging of PD-1 Unveils Unknown Characteristics of PD-1 Itself by Visualizing "PD-1 Microclusters". Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2024;1444:197-205

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PMID: 38467981

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