Assessment of brain-derived extracellular vesicle enrichment for blood biomarker analysis in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: An international overview.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2024 Jul

filter terms:

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in blood allows for minimally-invasive investigations of central nervous system (CNS) -specific markers of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Polymer-based EV- and immunoprecipitation (IP)-based BEV-enrichment protocols from blood have gained popularity. We systematically investigated protocol consistency across studies, and determined CNS-specificity of proteins associated with these protocols. NDD articles investigating BEVs in blood using polymer-based and/or IP-based BEV enrichment protocols were systematically identified, and protocols compared. Proteins used for BEV-enrichment and/or post-enrichment were assessed for CNS- and brain-cell-type-specificity, extracellular domains (ECD+), and presence in EV-databases. A total of 82.1% of studies used polymer-based (ExoQuick) EV-enrichment, and 92.3% used L1CAM for IP-based BEV-enrichment. Centrifugation times differed across studies. A total of 26.8% of 82 proteins systematically identified were CNS-specific: 50% ECD+, 77.3% were listed in EV-databases. We identified protocol steps requiring standardization, and recommend additional CNS-specific proteins that can be used for BEV-enrichment or as BEV-biomarkers. Across NDDs, we identified protocols commonly used for EV/BEV enrichment from blood. We identified protocol steps showing variability that require harmonization. We assessed CNS-specificity of proteins used for BEV-enrichment or found in BEV cargo. CNS-specific EV proteins with ECD+ or without were identified. We recommend evaluation of blood-BEV enrichment using these additional ECD+ proteins. © 2024 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

Citation

AmanPreet Badhwar, Yael Hirschberg, Natalia Valle-Tamayo, M Florencia Iulita, Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh, Anna Matton, Rawan M Tarawneh, Robert A Rissman, Aurélie Ledreux, Charisse N Winston, Arsalan S Haqqani, Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment: Biofluid Based Biomarkers Professional Interest Area‐Exosome Working Group (ISTAART‐BBB‐PIA‐EWG). Assessment of brain-derived extracellular vesicle enrichment for blood biomarker analysis in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: An international overview. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2024 Jul;20(7):4411-4422