Envenomations are the 23rd most common reason for calls to US poison control centers, with over 35,000 incidents reported annually. Snake bites account for over 20% of those calls, while marine envenomations are likely underreported at 3% to 4%.1 While these types of envenomations may not be encountered on a daily basis for many physicians, the different types of envenomations warrant unique management strategies based on the offending creature and symptom presentation. This text serves as a review of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and management of endemic North American species of snakes and marine vertebrate and invertebrate envenomations. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Elaine Yu, Lauren Altschuh. Clinical Management of North American Snake and Marine Envenomations. Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 2024 Aug;42(3):653-666
PMID: 38925780
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