The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a pan-arterivirus receptor.

Nature communications 2024 Aug 07

filter terms:

Arteriviruses infect a variety of mammalian hosts, but the receptors used by these viruses to enter cells are poorly understood. We identified the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as an important pro-viral host factor via comparative genome-wide CRISPR-knockout screens with multiple arteriviruses. Using a panel of cell lines and divergent arteriviruses, we demonstrate that FcRn is required for the entry step of arterivirus infection and serves as a molecular barrier to arterivirus cross-species infection. We also show that FcRn synergizes with another known arterivirus entry factor, CD163, to mediate arterivirus entry. Overexpression of FcRn and CD163 sensitizes non-permissive cells to infection and enables the culture of fastidious arteriviruses. Treatment of multiple cell lines with a pre-clinical anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody blocked infection and rescued cells from arterivirus-induced death. Altogether, this study identifies FcRn as a novel pan-arterivirus receptor, with implications for arterivirus emergence, cross-species infection, and host-directed pan-arterivirus countermeasure development. © 2024. The Author(s).

Citation

Teressa M Shaw, Devra Huey, Makky Mousa-Makky, Jared Compaleo, Kylie Nennig, Aadit P Shah, Fei Jiang, Xueer Qiu, Devon Klipsic, Raymond R R Rowland, Igor I Slukvin, Meagan E Sullender, Megan T Baldridge, Haichang Li, Cody J Warren, Adam L Bailey. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a pan-arterivirus receptor. Nature communications. 2024 Aug 07;15(1):6726