Elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Interleukin-4 related to poor outcome of Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Xuemei Hu, Mingyang Zhao, Meixue Wang, Dongsen Wang, Liangzhen Zhu, Chunhai Su, Qingjian Wu

Cytokine 2024 Dec

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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease that seriously jeopardizes human life and health. Some studies have shown that although Interleukin-4 (IL-4) acts as an anti-inflammatory factor, IL-4 levels are elevated when the disease occurs. This study focuses on exploring the relationship between IL and 4 concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and poor outcome in patients with aSAH. This study was a prospective observational study and 210 aSAH patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups according to the mRS score at 3 months after discharge, and 210 healthy people were selected as controls. The IL-4 concentrations were quantitatively determined with enzyme-linked adsorption assay (ELISA). We can draw a conclusion that Serum and CSF IL-4 concentrations are generally elevated in patients with poor outcome(P < 0.05), and the CSF IL-4 concentration decreased gradually over the progress of time (P < 0.05). The IL-4 concentration in the CSF was positively correlated with age, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Hunt-Hess grade, mRS score, and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score (WFNS) (P < 0.0001). Additionally, IL-4 concentrations in the CSF were correlated with complications such as intracranial infection (P = 0.01), cerebral edema (P < 0.01), hydrocephalus (P = 0.02), and complications by DCI (P = 0.02). Elevated serum and CSF concentrations of IL-4 may associated with the outcome of aSAH and may be a candidate early biomarkers for outcome of aSAH. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Citation

Xuemei Hu, Mingyang Zhao, Meixue Wang, Dongsen Wang, Liangzhen Zhu, Chunhai Su, Qingjian Wu. Elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Interleukin-4 related to poor outcome of Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cytokine. 2024 Dec;184:156780