Galactokinase catalyses the first reaction in the galactose metabolism pathway, the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of galactose, yielding galactose-1-phosphate.Deficiency in this enzyme results in the disease galactosemia, which is responsible for theformation of cataracts in newborn babies, and is possibly responsible for presenile cataracts inadults. In yeast, the GAL3 gene product is required for the GAL4-mediated inductionof other enzymes involved in galactose metabolism. The induction of GAL1 production then reinforcesthis process, increasing the expression of other galactose-inducible genes. GAL3 has been shown tobe similar to the GAL1 protein.This entry represents a conserved signature pattern located in the N-terminal domain of galactokinases.