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QuickView for Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (biogroup)
- Description:
- The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors are members of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. There are three hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, termed HCAR1-3. The family was formerly known as nicotinic acid receptor family, although nicotinic acid only shows submicromolar potency at HCAR2.The receptors respond to organic acids, including the endogenous short chain fatty acids, butyric acid and L-lactic acid, as well as the lipid lowering agents nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox and acifran. There is an increasing number of synthetic ligands mainly targeted at HCAR2 and HCAR3 receptors. All three receptors are expressed in adipocytes, and are coupled to Gi type G-proteins mediating antilipolytic effects in fat cells. HCAR2 and HCAR3 are also expressed in a variety of immune cells including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and Langerhans cells. HCAR1 and HCAR2 are found in most mammalian species, whereas HCAR3 is only present in higher primates. There is evidence that these receptors can mediate anti-inflammatory effects. HCAR2 has been shown to be a receptor for the anti-dyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid (niacin) as well as for the anti-psoriatic drug monomethyl-fumarate. This entry represents hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1, also known as lactate receptor 1, G protein coupled receptor 104 and G-protein coupled receptor 81. The endogenous ligand for HCAR1 is L-lactic acid.
- Taxonomy/Path:
- InterPro : G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1
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