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QuickView for Tumour necrosis factor receptor 11B (biogroup)
- Description:
- The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily comprises more than 20 type-I transmembrane proteins. Family members are defined based on similarity in their extracellular domain -a region that contains many cysteine residues arranged in a specific repetitive pattern. The cysteines allow formation of an extended rod-like structure, responsible for ligand binding. Upon receptor activation, different intracellular signalling complexes are assembled for different members of the TNFR superfamily, depending on their intracellular domains and sequences. Activation of TNFRs can therefore induce a range of disparate effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, or apoptotic cell death, depending upon the receptor involved. TNFRs are widely distributed and play important roles in many crucial biological processes, such as lymphoid and neuronal development, innate and adaptive immunity, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Drugs that manipulate their signalling have potential roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as viral infections, coronary heart disease, transplant rejection, and immune disease. TNF receptors 11A and 11B mediate the effects of receptor activator for NF-kappa-B ligand (RANKL), an essential osteoclast regulatory factor. The receptors have opposing effects -activation of TNF receptor 11A by RANKL promotes osteoclast differentiation, while TNF receptor 11B acts as a soluble decoy receptor for the ligand, thus inhibiting differentiation. TNF receptor 11B (also known as osteoprotegerin (OPG)) is a secreted protein that contains two death domains within its C-terminal region. Mutations in the TNF receptor 11B gene are associated with the autosomal recessive osteopathy juvenile Paget disease. The receptor may also be involved in vascular calcification, and high expression levels in serum are a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis and the onset of cardiovascular disease.
- Taxonomy/Path:
- InterPro : Tumour necrosis factor receptor 11 / Tumour necrosis factor receptor 11B
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