PARP1 exhibits enhanced association and catalytic efficiency with γH2A.X-nucleosome.

Deepti Sharma, Louis De Falco, Sivaraman Padavattan, Chang Rao, Susana Geifman-Shochat, Chuan-Fa Liu, Curt A Davey

Nature communications 2019 Dec 17

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The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP1, plays a key role in maintaining genomic integrity by detecting DNA damage and mediating repair. γH2A.X is the primary histone marker for DNA double-strand breaks and PARP1 localizes to H2A.X-enriched chromatin damage sites, but the basis for this association is not clear. We characterize the kinetics of PARP1 binding to a variety of nucleosomes harbouring DNA double-strand breaks, which reveal that PARP1 associates faster with (γ)H2A.X- versus H2A-nucleosomes, resulting in a higher affinity for the former, which is maximal for γH2A.X-nucleosome that is also the activator eliciting the greatest poly-ADP-ribosylation catalytic efficiency. The enhanced activities with γH2A.X-nucleosome coincide with increased accessibility of the DNA termini resulting from the H2A.X-Ser139 phosphorylation. Indeed, H2A- and (γ)H2A.X-nucleosomes have distinct stability characteristics, which are rationalized by mutational analysis and (γ)H2A.X-nucleosome core crystal structures. This suggests that the γH2A.X epigenetic marker directly facilitates DNA repair by stabilizing PARP1 association and promoting catalysis.

Citation

Deepti Sharma, Louis De Falco, Sivaraman Padavattan, Chang Rao, Susana Geifman-Shochat, Chuan-Fa Liu, Curt A Davey. PARP1 exhibits enhanced association and catalytic efficiency with γH2A.X-nucleosome. Nature communications. 2019 Dec 17;10(1):5751