Membrane vesicle delivery of a streptococcal M protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier by inducing autophagic endothelial cell death.

Fei Pan, Mingli Zhu, Ying Liang, Chen Yuan, Yu Zhang, Yuchang Wang, Hongjie Fan, Matthew K Waldor, Zhe Ma

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2023 Jun 13

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M family proteins are critical virulence determinants of Streptococci. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) are Group C streptococci that cause meningitis in animals and humans. SzM, the M protein of SEZ, has been linked to SEZ brain invasion. Here, we demonstrate that SzM is important in SEZ disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). SEZ release SzM-bound membrane vesicles (MVs), and endocytosis of these vesicles by human brain endothelial microvascular cells (hBMECs) results in SzM-dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, administration of SzM-bound MVs disrupted the murine BBB. A CRISPR screen revealed that SzM cytotoxicity in hBMECs depends on PTEN-related activation of autophagic cell death. Pharmacologic inhibition of PTEN activity prevented SEZ disruption of the murine BBB and delayed mortality. Our data show that MV delivery of SzM to host cells plays a key role in SEZ pathogenicity and suggests that MV delivery of streptococcal M family proteins is likely a common streptococcal virulence mechanism.

Citation

Fei Pan, Mingli Zhu, Ying Liang, Chen Yuan, Yu Zhang, Yuchang Wang, Hongjie Fan, Matthew K Waldor, Zhe Ma. Membrane vesicle delivery of a streptococcal M protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier by inducing autophagic endothelial cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2023 Jun 13;120(24):e2219435120