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QuickView for N-acetylcysteine (compound)


PubChem
Name: Acetylcysteine
PubChem Compound ID: 12035
Description: The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
Molecular formula: C5H9NO3S
Molecular weight: 163.196 g/mol
Synonyms:
(2R)-2-Acetamido-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid; Broncholysin; 63664-54-0; Acetylcysteine; L-Cysteine, N-acetyl- & Tumor necrosis factor; Acetadote; Flumucetin; Spectrum3_000287; Spectrum2_000086; Acetein.
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DrugBank
Identification
Name: Acetylcysteine
Name (isomeric): DB06151
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
Synonyms:
NAC; N-acetylcysteine
Brand: Lysox, ACC, Mucomyst, Mucolysin, Acetadote, Parvolex, Fluimucil
Category: Expectorants, Free Radical Scavengers, Antiviral Agents
CAS number: 616-91-1
Pharmacology
Indication: Acetylcysteine is used mainly as a mucolytic and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.
Pharmacology:
Acetylcysteine has been shown to reduce the extent of liver injury following acetaminophen overdose. It is most effective when given early, with benefit seen principally in patients treated within 8-10 hours of the overdose. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathione levels, or by acting as an alternate sub...
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Mechanism of Action:
Acetylcysteine may protect against acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity by maintaining or restoring hepatic concentrations of glutathione. It does this by producing the glutathione precursor cysteine. Glutathione is required to inactivate an intermediate metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) of acetaminophen that is thought to be hepat...
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Absorption: Bioavailability is 6–10% following oral administration and less than 3% following topical administration.
Protein binding: 83%
Biotransformation: Hepatic. Deacetylated by the liver to cysteine and subsequently metabolized.
Half Life: 5.6 hours (adults), 11 hours (neonates)
Toxicity: Single intravenous doses of acetylcysteine at 1000 mg/kg in mice, 2445 mg/kg in rats, 1500 mg/kg in guinea pigs, 1200 mg/kg in rabbits and 500 mg/kg in dogs were lethal. Symptoms of acute toxicity were ataxia, hypoactivity, labored respiration, cyanosis, loss of righting reflex and convulsions.
Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals

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