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QuickView for thiamine (compound)


PubChem
Name: Thiamine
PubChem Compound ID: 10762
Description: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
Molecular formula: C12H17N5O4S
Molecular weight: 327.361 g/mol
Synonyms:
EINECS 208-537-4; 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-m-ethylthiazolium nitrate (salt); Aneurine nitrate; 92739-10-1; THIAMINE MONONITRATE; Thiamine nitrate (salt); Thiamine mononitrate [USAN]; Thiamine nitrate; Vitamin B1 mononitrate; Betabion mononitrate.
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DrugBank
Identification
Name: Thiamine
Name (isomeric): DB00152
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
Synonyms:
Vitamin B1; Thiamine Hcl; Thiadoxine; Thiamin
Brand: Vitaped, Biamine, Betaxin, Antiberiberi Factor, M.V.I.-12 Lyophilized, Bewon, Infuvite Pediatric, Aneurin, Betalin S, Cernevit-12, Vitaneuron
Brand name mixture:
B-Complex-50 Tab(Biotin + Choline Bitartrate + D-Pantothenic Acid (Calcium D-Pantothenate) + Folic Acid + Inositol + Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride) + Vitamin B12 (Vitamin B12) + Vitamin B2 + Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)), Multi-Sorb(Beta-Carotene + Biotin + Calcium (Calcium Phosphate, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium H...
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Category: Vitamin B Complex, Essential Vitamin, Vitamins (Vitamin B Complex), Anti-inflammatory Agents
CAS number: 59-43-8
Pharmacology
Indication: For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis.
Pharmacology:
Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal deat...
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Mechanism of Action:
It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Thiamine is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. There are five known natural thiamine phosphate derivatives...
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Absorption: Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Protein binding: 90-94%
Biotransformation: Hepatic
Toxicity: Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals

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