QuickView for daunorubicin (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 11342025

Name:	Daunorubicin
PubChem Compound ID:	11342025
Description:	A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
Molecular formula:	C₂₇H₃₀ClNO₁₀
Molecular weight:	563.981 g/mol

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Daunorubicin
Name (isomeric):	DB00694
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
Brand:	DM1, Leukaemomycin C, Daunomycin, Hydrochloride, Rubidomycin, Daunorubicin Hcl, Daunarubicinum, Daunoxome, Anthracyline, Ondena, Daunorubicine, Daunomycin, Daunorubicin, Hydrochloride, Daunorrubicina, Rp 13057 Hydrochloride, Acetyladriamycin, Daunamycin, Rubomycin C, Rcra Waste No. U059, Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, Daunomycin Hydrochloride, Antibiotics From Streptomyces Coeruleorubidus, Rubidomycin Hydrochloride, Daunoblastin, Cerubidine, Daunorubicinum [INN-Latin], Cerubidin
Category:	Antineoplastic Agents, Antibiotics, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
CAS number:	20830-81-3

Pharmacology

Indication:	For remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (myelogenous, monocytic, erythroid) of adults and for remission induction in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children and adults.
Pharmacology:	Daunorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural ... show more » Daunorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Daunorubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Daunorubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. The anthracyclines are cell cycle-nonspecific. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topois... show more » Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes. show less «
Protein binding:	97% binding-albumin
Biotransformation:	Hepatic
Route of elimination:	Twenty-five percent of an administered dose of daunorubicin hydrochloride is eliminated in an active form by urinary excretion and an estimated 40% by biliary excretion.
Half Life:	18.5 hours
Toxicity:	LD₅₀=20 mg/kg (mice, IV); LD₅₀=13 mg/kg (rat, IV)
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Drug interaction:

Trastuzumab

Trastuzumab may increase the cardiotoxicity of Daunorubicin. Signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction should be monitored for frequently. Increased risk of heart failure. Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.

Targets

DNA

DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha