QuickView for Buspirone (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 10741074

Name:	Buspirone
PubChem Compound ID:	10741074
Description:	An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
Molecular formula:	C₂₁H₃₁N₅O₂
Molecular weight:	389.528 g/mol

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Buspirone
Name (isomeric):	DB00490
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
Synonyms:	Buspirona [INN-Spanish]; Buspirone HCL; Buspironum [INN-Latin]
Brand:	Narol, Ansial, Axoren, Buspinol, Buspimen, Anxiron, Buspisal, Ansiced, Travin, Lucelan, Wellbutrin XL, Buspar, Bespar, Censpar
Category:	Serotonin Agonists, Anti-anxiety Agents, Anxiolytics sedatives and hypnotics
CAS number:	36505-84-7

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety, and also as an augmention of SSRI-treatment against depression.
Pharmacology:	Buspirone is used in the treatment of generalized anxiety where it has advantages over other antianxiety drugs because it does not cause sedation (drowsiness) and does not cause tolerance or physical dependence. Buspirone differs from typical benzodiazepine anxiolytics in that it does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects. It also lac... show more » Buspirone is used in the treatment of generalized anxiety where it has advantages over other antianxiety drugs because it does not cause sedation (drowsiness) and does not cause tolerance or physical dependence. Buspirone differs from typical benzodiazepine anxiolytics in that it does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects. It also lacks the prominent sedative effect that is associated with more typical anxiolytics. in vitro preclinical studies have shown that buspirone has a high affinity for serotonin (5-HT_1A) receptors. Buspirone has no significant affinity for benzodiazepine receptors and does not affect GABA binding in vitro or in vivo when tested in preclinical models. Buspirone has moderate affinity for brain D2-dopamine receptors. Some studies do suggest that buspirone may have indirect effects on other neurotransmitter systems. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe and on postsynaptic neurons in the hippocampus, thus inhibiting the firing rate of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. Buspirone also binds at dopamine type 2 (DA2) receptors, blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors. Buspirone increases firing in... show more » Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe and on postsynaptic neurons in the hippocampus, thus inhibiting the firing rate of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. Buspirone also binds at dopamine type 2 (DA2) receptors, blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors. Buspirone increases firing in the locus ceruleus, an area of brain where norepinephrine cell bodies are found in high concentration. The net result of buspirone actions is that serotonergic activity is suppressed while noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell firing is enhanced. show less «
Absorption:	Rapidly absorbed in man. Bioavailability is low and variable (approximately 5%) due to extensive first pass metabolism.
Protein binding:	95% (approximately 70% bound to albumin, 30% bound to alpha 1 -acid glycoprotein)
Biotransformation:	Metabolized hepatically, primarily by oxidation by cytochrome P450 3A4 producing several hydroxylated derivatives and a pharmacologically active metabolite, 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP)
Route of elimination:	In a single-dose study using 14C-labeled buspirone, 29% to 63% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 24 hours, primarily as metabolites; fecal excretion accounted for 18% to 38% of the dose.
Half Life:	2-3 hours (although the action of a single dose is much longer than the short halflife indicates).
Toxicity:	Oral, rat LD₅₀ = 136 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, severe stomach upset, and unusually small pupils.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid alcohol.

Avoid taking grapefruit or grapefruit juice throughout treatment.

Always take at the same time with respect to meals.

Take with food.

Drug interaction:

Erythromycin	The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of buspirone.
Nefazodone	Nefazodone increases the effect of buspirone
Verapamil	Verapamil may increase the serum concentration of Buspirone. The likely occurs via Verapamil-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition resulting in decreased Buspirone metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Buspirone if Verpamil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zolmitriptan	Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and buspirone, increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
Trimipramine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.

Erythromycin	The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of buspirone.
Nefazodone	Nefazodone increases the effect of buspirone
Verapamil	Verapamil may increase the serum concentration of Buspirone. The likely occurs via Verapamil-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition resulting in decreased Buspirone metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Buspirone if Verpamil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zolmitriptan	Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and buspirone, increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
Trimipramine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Rasagiline	Possible blood pressure elevation
Rifabutin	Rifabutin decreases the effect of buspirone
Phenelzine	Possible blood pressure elevation
Telithromycin	Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Buspirone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Buspirone if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Josamycin	The macrolide, josamycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of buspirone.
Diltiazem	The calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, increases the effect and toxicity of buspirone.
Venlafaxine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Clarithromycin	Clarithromycin may increase the effect and toxicity of buspirone.
Rifampin	Rifampin decreases the effect of buspirone
Voriconazole	Voriconazole may increase the serum concentration of buspirone likely by decreasing its metabolism via CYP3A4. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of buspirone if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Isocarboxazid	Possible blood pressure elevation
Ritonavir	Ritonavir increases the effect and toxicity of buspirone
Trazodone	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Tranylcypromine	Buspirone may increase the adverse effects of Tranylcypromine. Elevation of blood pressure may occur. Concomitant therapy also may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Desvenlafaxine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.

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Targets

5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor

D(2) dopamine receptor

Enzymes

Transporters

Multidrug resistance protein 1