QuickView for Phenelzine (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 3675

Name:	Phenelzine
PubChem Compound ID:	3675
Description:	One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.
Molecular formula:	C₈H₁₂N₂
Molecular weight:	136.194 g/mol
Synonyms:	Spectrum2_001009; Phenelzinum [INN-Latin]; Spectrum3_000677; Stinerval; Nardil; Spectrum_000851; KBio2_004833; Fenelzina [INN-Spanish]; Hydrazine, (2-phenylethyl)-; KBioGR_000950. show more » Spectrum2_001009; Phenelzinum [INN-Latin]; Spectrum3_000677; Stinerval; Nardil; Spectrum_000851; KBio2_004833; Fenelzina [INN-Spanish]; Hydrazine, (2-phenylethyl)-; KBioGR_000950; W1544; SPBio_001137; NINDS_000062; Lopac-P-6777; Hydrazine, phenethyl-, monohydrochloride; Prestwick0_000170; Hydrazine, (2-phenylethyl)-, monohydrochloride; W 1544-A; beta-Phenylethylhydrazine; KBio2_001331; KBioGR_002265; .beta.-Phenylethylhydrazine hydrochloride; KBio2_002265; KBio2_006467; KBioSS_001331; KBioSS_002266; KBio3_001593; KBio1_000062; NSC26224; EINECS 200-117-9; Phenelzine; 51-71-8; Fenelzyne [Polish]; HYDRAZINE, PHENETHYL-; Phenethylhydrazine; DivK1c_000062; CAS-156-51-4; C07430; KBio2_007401; 2-Phenylethylhydrazine; HYDRAZINE, PHENETHYL-, HYDROCHLORIDE; 5470-36-0; Phenylethyl hydrazine-HCl; Prestwick1_000170; Spectrum4_000475; 4-15-00-01269 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); SPBio_001960; KBio3_002745; NCGC00015830-02; KBio2_003899; NCGC00015830-01; 1-Hydrazino-2-phenylethane; Fenelzyna [Polish]; BRN 0742354 show less «

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Phenelzine
Name (isomeric):	DB00780
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.
Brand:	Phenalzine, Phenelezine, Nardil, Stinerval, Phenethylhydrazine, Fenelzina [INN-Spanish], Phenylethylhydrazine, Fenelzyne, Phenelzinum [INN-Latin], Phenylethyl hydrazine-HCl, Beta-phenylethylhydrazine, Fenelzyna
Category:	Antidepressants, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents
CAS number:	51-71-8

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the treatment of major depressive disorder. Has also been used with some success in the management of bulimia nervosa.
Pharmacology:	Phenelzine belongs to a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAO is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a number of amines, including serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Two isoforms of MAO, A and B, are found in the body. MAO-A is mainly found within cells located in the peripher... show more » Phenelzine belongs to a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAO is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a number of amines, including serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Two isoforms of MAO, A and B, are found in the body. MAO-A is mainly found within cells located in the periphery and catalyzes the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and tyramine. MAO-B acts on phenylethylamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and tyramine, is localized extracellularly and is found predominantly in the brain. While the mechanism of MAOIs is still unclear, it is thought that they act by increasing free serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations and/or by altering the concentrations of other amines in the CNS. It has been postulated that depression is caused by low levels of serotonin and/or norepinephrine and that increasing serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission results in relief of depressive symptoms. MAO A inhibition is thought to be more relevant to antidepressant activity than MAO B inhibition. Selective MAO B inhibitors, such as selegiline, have no antidepressant effects. Response to therapy generally occurs 2 - 4 weeks following onset though some patients may not experience symptom relief for up to 8 weeks. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Although the exact mechanism of action has not been determined, it appears that the irreversible, nonselective inhibition of MAO by phenelzine relieves depressive symptoms by causing an increase in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuron.
Absorption:	Readily absorbed after oral administration.
Biotransformation:	Hepatic. Acetylation of phenelzine appears to be a minor metabolic pathway. Beta-phenylethylamine is a metabolite of phenelzine, and there is indirect evidence that phenelzine may also be ring-hydroxylated and N-methylated.
Route of elimination:	NARDIL ® is extensively metabolized, primarily by oxidation via monoamine oxidase.
Half Life:	1.2-11.6 hours following single dose administration. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics have not been studied.
Toxicity:	Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, dizziness, faintness, irritability, hyperactivity, agitation, severe headache, hallucinations, trismus, opisthotonos, convulsions and coma, rapid and irregular pulse, hypertension, hypotension and vascular collapse, precordial pain, respiratory depression and failure, hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, and cool, clammy skin. Hypertensive crisis may occur with the ingestion of tyramine-rich foods such as cured meats, poultry or fish, aged cheeses, concentrated soy products, tap beer and wine, yeast extracts, broad bean pods and fava beans and sauerkraut.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid St.John's Wort.

Avoid alcohol.

Avoid aged foods (cheese, red wine), pickled foods, cured foods (bacon/ham), chocolate, fava beans, beer, unless approved by your physician.

Take without regard to meals.

Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).

Drug interaction:

Tetrabenazine	Tetrabenazine may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Phenelzine. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Naratriptan	The use of two serotonin modulators increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Methamphetamine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Procaterol	Increased arterial pressure
Ephedrine	Increased arterial pressure

Tetrabenazine	Tetrabenazine may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Phenelzine. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Naratriptan	The use of two serotonin modulators increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Methamphetamine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Procaterol	Increased arterial pressure
Ephedrine	Increased arterial pressure
Methylphenidate	Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Imipramine	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Clomipramine	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Tranylcypromine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Citalopram	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Phentermine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Amphetamine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Ephedra	Increased arterial pressure
Phenylephrine	Increased arterial pressure
Amitriptyline	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Mazindol	Possible hypertensive crisis
Amoxapine	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Dopamine	Increased arterial pressure
Escitalopram	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Paroxetine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Duloxetine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Triprolidine	Triprolidine and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Additive CNS depressant effects may also occur. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.
Trimipramine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Avoid combination or monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome and/or hypertensive crisis.
Buspirone	Possible blood pressure elevation
Trazodone	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Dobutamine	Increased arterial pressure
Mirtazapine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Tramadol	Tramadol may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and seizure induction by the MAO inhibitor, phenelzine.
Norepinephrine	Increased arterial pressure
Vilazodone	MAO Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This may cause serotonin syndrome.
Phenylpropanolamine	Increased arterial pressure
Entacapone	Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Dextromethorphan	Possible severe adverse reaction
Pirbuterol	Increased arterial pressure
Desipramine	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Galantamine	Possible antagonism of action
Rizatriptan	The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, rizatriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Dextroamphetamine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Bezafibrate	MAO Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Bezafibrate. Avoid concomitant use of bezafibrate with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine.
Tryptophanyl-5'amp	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Midodrine	Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Rivastigmine	Possible antagonism of action
Levodopa	Possible hypertensive crisis
Sertraline	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Pseudoephedrine	Increased arterial pressure
Phendimetrazine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Tolcapone	Tolcapone and Phenelzine decrease the metabolism of endogenous catecholamines. Concomitant therapy may result in increased catecholamine effects. Consider alternate therapy or use cautiously and monitor for increased catecholamine effects.
Fluoxetine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Benzphetamine	MAO Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Amphetamines. Concomitant use of amphetamines and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) should be avoided. If used concomitantly, careful monitoring of blood pressure must occur. It may take up to 2 weeks after the discontinuation of an MAOI for the effects to dissipate enough to afford safety to the administration of interacting agents.
Protriptyline	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Nefazodone	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Atomoxetine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Bupropion	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Isoproterenol	Increased arterial pressure
Doxepin	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Donepezil	Possible antagonism of action
Fenoterol	Increased arterial pressure
Sibutramine	Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
Meperidine	Potentially fatal adverse effects
Epinephrine	Increased arterial pressure
Altretamine	Risk of severe hypotension
Salbutamol	Increased arterial pressure
Sumatriptan	The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, sumatriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Brimonidine	MAO Inhibitors like phenelzine may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists (Ophthalmic). The concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and ophthalmic alpha2 agonists is contraindicated.
Trimethobenzamide	Trimethobenzamide and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Terbutaline	Increased arterial pressure
Fluvoxamine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Orciprenaline	Increased arterial pressure
Buprenorphine	Buprenorphine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MAO Inhibitors like phenelzine. When possible, avoid use of buprenorphine in patients who have used a monoamine oxidase inhibitor within the past 14 days due to possible severe adverse effects.
Methotrimeprazine	Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Metaraminol	Increased arterial pressure
Methoxamine	Increased arterial pressure
Trospium	Trospium and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhanced adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Zolmitriptan	The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may increase the serum concentration of zolmitriptan by decreasing its metabolism. Concomitant therapy and use of zolmitriptan within two weeks of discontinuing phenelzine are contraindicated.
Nortriptyline	Possibility of severe adverse effects
Guanethidine	Phenelzine may decrease the effect of guanethidine.
Desvenlafaxine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Diethylpropion	Possible hypertensive crisis
Tacrine	The therapeutic effects of the central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Tacrine, and/or the anticholinergic, Phenelzine, may be reduced due to antagonism. The interaction may be beneficial when the anticholinergic action is a side effect. Monitor for decreased efficacy of both agents.
Dexfenfluramine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Almotriptan	The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, almotriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Venlafaxine	Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Fenfluramine	Possible hypertensive crisis
Mephentermine	Increased arterial pressure