QuickView for hydrochlorothiazide (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 3639

Name:	Hydrochlorothiazide
PubChem Compound ID:	3639
Description:	A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Molecular formula:	C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂
Molecular weight:	297.741 g/mol
Synonyms:	Dichlorosal; Hidril; component of Hydropres; Concor Plus; CAS-58-93-5; Unazid; Hydro-Diuril; Chlorsulfonamidodihydrobenzothiadiazine dioxide; SPBio_001259; NCGC00015508-01. show more » Dichlorosal; Hidril; component of Hydropres; Concor Plus; CAS-58-93-5; Unazid; Hydro-Diuril; Chlorsulfonamidodihydrobenzothiadiazine dioxide; SPBio_001259; NCGC00015508-01; NCGC00015508-02; Ser-Ap-Es; SPBio_001938; Briazide; Hydrochlorothiazide; 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1, 1-dioxide; KBio3_001352; Component of Butizide Prestabs; Medozide; Zide; Dihydran; Idroclorotiazide [DCIT]; Component of Esimil; Spectrum3_000456; Hidrochlortiazid; SU 5879; KBio2_003925; Chlorosulthiadil; Esidrix; NINDS_000289; Aldactazide; Hydro Par; Ivaugan; Hydro-T; Hydrochlorothiazide [BAN:INN:JAN]; Apo-Hydro; Hydrosaluric; Aldazida; Hydropres; 2H-1,2, 4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1, 1-dioxide; Hydro-D; EINECS 200-403-3; Neo-Minzil; BAS 00371709; Roxane; MLS000069619; Acuilix; Hydrochlorothiazid; 8049-49-8; NCGC00021906-03; DivK1c_000289; SMR000035778; Diu 25 Vigt; KBioGR_000351; Timolide; Servithiazid; Mikorten; 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide; Hidroclorotiazida [INN-Spanish]; Prestwick1_000009; Novodiurex; NCI-C55925; Maxzide; Disalunil; Vaseretic; Hydro-Aquil; 3,4-Dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide; HCZ; Maybridge1_004336; NSC53477; Thiuretic; Dixidrasi; Neoflumen; Acesistem; Component of Caplaril; Moduretic; Newtolide; 3,4-Dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2, 4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide; Idrotiazide; CCRIS 2082; Nefrol; 3,4-Dihydrochlorothiazide; Mictrin; Hydrochlorthiazidum; HCTZ; 58-93-5; Dihydrochlorothiazide; Aldactazide 25/25; Prestwick_263; D00340; Fluvin; Capozide; Inderide; Clorana; Spectrum2_001040; H.H. 50/50; Aquarills; KBioSS_001357; Diu-melusin; NCI60_004317; AIDS-124817; HCT-Isis; Esidrix (TN); Hidrotiazida; Neo-Flumen; Cidrex; Urozide; Aquarius; Chlorizide; Dyazide; Megadiuril; Inderide 80/25; Thlaretic; KBio2_006493; Diaqua; Unipres; Vetidrex; 125727-50-6; Direma; Hidrosaluretil; Bremil; Jen-Diril; Spectrum4_000006; Modurcen; Esoidrina; Hydrochlorothiazidum [INN-Latin]; Chlothia; Microzide; ZINC00896569; Hypothiazid; Hypothiazide; Hydro-Saluric; Aldoril; Dichlotride; Indroclor; Esimil; Hydril; Accuretic; Hydrochlorothiazide (JP15/USP); Didral; Aldoril D30; Raunova Plus; Aldoril D50; Diclotride; Hyclosid; Caplaril; Hydrochlorthiazide; AF-614/30832002; Natrinax; Prinzide; Catiazida; KBio2_001357; 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide; Hytrid; Hydrochlorothiazidum; Mazide 25 mg; Lopressor HCT; Pantemon; Neo-codema; 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide; Saldiuril; Drenol; Nefrix; NSC 53477; Component of Dyazide; Selozide; 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1, 1-dioxide; Hidro-Niagrin; Hidroronol; Urodiazin; Spironazide; Ziac; 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide; Maschitt; Hydrothide; Prestwick0_000009; H.H. 25/25; Component of Aldactazide; Aquazide-H; Carozide; Tandiur; Manuril; Hydrodiuretic; Dihydrochlorothiazid; 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2, 4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide; Lopac-H-4759; Hydrozide; BRN 0625101; Panurin; Component of Cyclex; Hydrozide Injection, Veterinary; EU-0100614; Oretic; 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide; Aldectazide 50/50; Aquazide H; HSDB 3096; Component of Aldoril; Hydrodiuril; Spectrum_000877; Disothiazid; AIDS124817; Diurogen; Esidrex; Dihydrochlorothiazidum; Ro-Hydrazide; Vasoretic; Condiuren; KBio1_000289; Chlorzide; Dichlotiazid; Hydrocot; Apresazide show less «

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Hydrochlorothiazide
Name (isomeric):	DB00999
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Synonyms:	HCTZ; Dihydrochlorurit; Dihydrochlorothiazid; Dihydrochlorothiazide; Dihydrochlorothiazidum; Hydrochlorothiazid; Dihydroxychlorothiazidum; Hydrochlorthiazide; Dihydrochlorurite; HCZ
Brand:	Thlaretic, Hydro-Aquil, Neo-Codema, Chlorzide, Apresazide, Dichlotride, Hypothiazid, Diu-Melusin, Dichlorotride, Dichlorosal, Neoflumen, Dicyclotride, Esidrex, Aquarius, Vetidrex, Jen-Diril, Drenol, Nefrix, Thiuretic, Hidrotiazida, Caplaril, Hidril, Capozide, Microzide, Hydrodiuretic, Diclotride, Hydril, Esimil, Maschitt, Aquarills, Ivaugan, Megadiuril, Thiaretic, Fluvin, Newtolide, Ro-Hydrazide, Idrotiazide, Urodiazin, Hydrothide, HydroDIURIL, Direma, Bremil, Hidroronol, Hidrochlortiazid, Chlorosulthiadil, Disalunil, Hydrozide, Hydropres, Servithiazid, Hydrosaluric, Hypothiazide, Panurin, Timolide, Cidrex, Dichlotiazid
Brand name mixture:	Vaseretic(enalapril + hydrochlorothiazide), Timolide(timolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Zestoretic(lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Dyazide(triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide), Uniretic HCT(moexipril + hydrochlorothiazide), Atacand HCT(candesartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Monopril-HCT(fosinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Accuretic(quinapril + hydroc... show more » Vaseretic(enalapril + hydrochlorothiazide), Timolide(timolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Zestoretic(lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Dyazide(triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide), Uniretic HCT(moexipril + hydrochlorothiazide), Atacand HCT(candesartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Monopril-HCT(fosinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Accuretic(quinapril + hydrochlorothiazide), Aldoril(methyldopa + hydrochlorothiazide), Moduretic(amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide), Hydra-Zide(hydralazine + hydrochlorothiazide), Teveten HCT(eprosartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Ziac(bisoprolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Aldactazide(spironolactone + hydrochlorothiazide), Lotensin HCT(benazepril + hydrochlorothiazide), Prinzide(lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Avalide(irbesartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Hyzaar(losartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Benicar HCT(olmesartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Inderide(propranolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Maxzide(triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide), Lopressor HCT(metoprolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Capozide(captopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Diovan HCT(valsartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Micardis HCT(telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide) show less «
Category:	Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Diuretics, Antihypertensive Agents
CAS number:	58-93-5

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the treatment of high blood pressure and management of edema.
Pharmacology:	Thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide promote water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na⁺/Cl^- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are no... show more » Thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide promote water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na⁺/Cl^- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining th... show more » Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron. show less «
Absorption:	50-60%
Protein binding:	67.9%
Biotransformation:	Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized.
Route of elimination:	Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
Half Life:	5.6 and 14.8 hours
Toxicity:	The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. The oral LD50 of hydrochlorothiazide is greater than 10 g/kg in the mouse and rat.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid alcohol.

Increase potassium intake; add a banana or orange juice; unless instructed otherwise.

Avoid excess salt/sodium unless otherwise instructed by your physician.

Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.

Avoid natural licorice.

Drug interaction:

Digitoxin	Possible electrolyte variations and arrhythmias
Deslanoside	Possible electrolyte variations and arrhythmias
Dofetilide	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Trandolapril	The thiazide diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Hydrochlorothiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
Tenoxicam	Tenoxicam may antagonize the blood pressure lowering effect of Hydrochlorothiazide. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of Hydrochlorothiazide if Tenoxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Targets

Solute carrier family 12 member 3

Carbonic anhydrase 12

Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1

Transporters

Solute carrier family 22 member 6