Name: | Hydrochlorothiazide |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 3639 |
Description: | A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. |
Molecular formula: | C7H8ClN3O4S2 |
Molecular weight: | 297.741 g/mol |
Synonyms: |
Dichlorosal; Hidril; component of Hydropres; Concor Plus; CAS-58-93-5; Unazid; Hydro-Diuril; Chlorsulfonamidodihydrobenzothiadiazine dioxide; SPBio_001259; NCGC00015508-01.
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Name: | Hydrochlorothiazide |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00999 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. |
Synonyms: |
HCTZ; Dihydrochlorurit; Dihydrochlorothiazid; Dihydrochlorothiazide; Dihydrochlorothiazidum; Hydrochlorothiazid; Dihydroxychlorothiazidum; Hydrochlorthiazide; Dihydrochlorurite; HCZ
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Brand: | Thlaretic, Hydro-Aquil, Neo-Codema, Chlorzide, Apresazide, Dichlotride, Hypothiazid, Diu-Melusin, Dichlorotride, Dichlorosal, Neoflumen, Dicyclotride, Esidrex, Aquarius, Vetidrex, Jen-Diril, Drenol, Nefrix, Thiuretic, Hidrotiazida, Caplaril, Hidril, Capozide, Microzide, Hydrodiuretic, Diclotride, Hydril, Esimil, Maschitt, Aquarills, Ivaugan, Megadiuril, Thiaretic, Fluvin, Newtolide, Ro-Hydrazide, Idrotiazide, Urodiazin, Hydrothide, HydroDIURIL, Direma, Bremil, Hidroronol, Hidrochlortiazid, Chlorosulthiadil, Disalunil, Hydrozide, Hydropres, Servithiazid, Hydrosaluric, Hypothiazide, Panurin, Timolide, Cidrex, Dichlotiazid |
Brand name mixture: | Vaseretic(enalapril + hydrochlorothiazide), Timolide(timolol + hydrochlorothiazide), Zestoretic(lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Dyazide(triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide), Uniretic HCT(moexipril + hydrochlorothiazide), Atacand HCT(candesartan + hydrochlorothiazide), Monopril-HCT(fosinopril + hydrochlorothiazide), Accuretic(quinapril + hydroc... show more » |
Category: | Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Diuretics, Antihypertensive Agents |
CAS number: | 58-93-5 |
Indication: | For the treatment of high blood pressure and management of edema. |
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Pharmacology: |
Thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide promote water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are no...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining th...
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Absorption: | 50-60% |
Protein binding: | 67.9% |
Biotransformation: | Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized. |
Route of elimination: | Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk. |
Half Life: | 5.6 and 14.8 hours |
Toxicity: | The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. The oral LD50 of hydrochlorothiazide is greater than 10 g/kg in the mouse and rat. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
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