Name: | Carnitine |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 10535083 |
Description: | Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. |
Molecular formula: | C7H15NO3 |
Molecular weight: | 167.177 g/mol |
Name: | Carnitine |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00583 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. |
Synonyms: |
(S)-Carnitine; (-)-Carnitine; (-)-L-Carnitin; Vitamin BT; 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium; Carnitine
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Brand: | Karnitin, Nicetile, Carnitor |
Category: | Nootropic Agents, Vitamin B Complex, Metabolite, Nutraceutical, Vitamins (Vitamin B Complex) |
CAS number: | 541-15-1 |
Indication: | For treatment of primary systemic carnitine deficiency, a genetic impairment of normal biosynthesis or utilization of levocarnitine from dietary sources, or for the treatment of secondary carnitine deficiency resulting from an inborn error of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria II, methyl malonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, and medium chain fatty acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. Parenteral levocarnitine is indicated for the prevention and treatment of carnitine deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease. |
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Pharmacology: |
Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cells to urine before they accumulate to toxic concentrations. Lack of carnitine can lead to liver, heart, and muscle problems. Carnitine deficiency is defined bioch...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Levocarnitine can be synthesised within the body from the amino acids lysine or methionine. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential to the synthesis of carnitine. Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cel...
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Absorption: | Absolute bioavailability is 15% (tablets or solution). |
Protein binding: | None |
Biotransformation: | Major metabolites include trimethylamine N-oxide and [3H]-gamma-butyrobetaine. |
Half Life: | 17.4 hours (elimination) following a single intravenous dose. |
Toxicity: | LD50 > 8g/kg (mouse, oral). Adverse effects include hypertension, fever, tachycardia and seizures. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |