QuickView for Betaxolol (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 107952

Name:	Betaxolol
PubChem Compound ID:	107952
Description:	A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.
Molecular formula:	C₁₈H₃₀ClNO₃
Molecular weight:	343.888 g/mol
Synonyms:	Betoptima; SL-75212; 1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol hydrochloride; MLS000028464; 2-Propanol, 1-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-, hydrochloride, (+-)-; EINECS 264-384-3; EU-0100193; Betoptic S; Kerlon; D00598. show more » Betoptima; SL-75212; 1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol hydrochloride; MLS000028464; 2-Propanol, 1-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-, hydrochloride, (+-)-; EINECS 264-384-3; EU-0100193; Betoptic S; Kerlon; D00598; Betaxolol hydrochloride [USAN]; Betoptic; Betaxolol hydrochloride (JAN/USP); Prestwick_779; 1-(4-(2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-isopropylaminopropan-2-ol hydrochloride; Kerlone (TN); Betaxolol hydrochloride; Kerlong; Kerlone; SL 75 212-10; MCI-144; SMR000058420; (+-)-1-(p-(2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol hydrochloride; 63659-19-8; 72424-72-7; 63659-18-7 show less «

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Betaxolol
Name (isomeric):	DB00195
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.
Synonyms:	Betaxolol HCL; Betaxololum [INN-Latin]; Betazolol
Brand:	Betoptic, Kerlone, Betoptic S, Betaxon
Category:	Sympatholytics, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Antihypertensive Agents, EENT Drugs
CAS number:	63659-18-7

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the management of hypertension.
Pharmacology:	Betaxolol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist. Betaxolol is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, glaucoma, and is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure. Activation of beta(1)-receptors (located mainly in the heart) by epinephrine increases the ... show more » Betaxolol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist. Betaxolol is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, glaucoma, and is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure. Activation of beta(1)-receptors (located mainly in the heart) by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and the heart consumes more oxygen. Drugs such as betaxolol that block these receptors therefore have the reverse effect: they lower the heart rate and blood pressure and hence are used in conditions when the heart itself is deprived of oxygen. They are routinely prescribed in patients with ischemic heart disease. In addition, beta(1)-selective blockers prevent the release of renin, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys which leads to constriction of blood vessels. Betaxolol is lipophilic and exhibits no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or membrane stabilizing activity. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Betaxolol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. Betaxolol can also competitively block beta(2)-adrenergic responses in the bron... show more » Betaxolol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. Betaxolol can also competitively block beta(2)-adrenergic responses in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscles, causing bronchospasm. show less «
Absorption:	Absorption of an oral dose is complete. There is a small and consistent first-pass effect resulting in an absolute bioavailability of 89% ± 5% that is unaffected by the concomitant ingestion of food or alcohol.
Protein binding:	50%
Biotransformation:	Primarily hepatic. Approximately 15% of the dose administered is excreted as unchanged drug, the remainder being metabolites whose contribution to the clinical effect is negligible.
Half Life:	14-22 hours
Toxicity:	Oral LD₅₀s are 350 to 400 mg betaxolol/kg in mice and 860 to 980 mg/kg in rats. Predicted symptoms of overdose include bradycardia, congestive heart failure, hypotension, bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Drug interaction:

Ergotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Chlorpropamide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Thiabendazole	The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Thiabendazole, may increase the effects and toxicity of Betaxolol by decreasing Betaxolol metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Betaxolol if Thiabendazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed
Fenoterol	Beta-Blockers (Beta-1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like fenoterol. Therapy should be monitored.
Clonidine	Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped

Ergotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Chlorpropamide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Thiabendazole	The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Thiabendazole, may increase the effects and toxicity of Betaxolol by decreasing Betaxolol metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Betaxolol if Thiabendazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed
Fenoterol	Beta-Blockers (Beta-1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like fenoterol. Therapy should be monitored.
Clonidine	Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
Terazosin	Increased risk of hypotension. Initiate concomitant therapy cautiously.
Piroxicam	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as piroxicam may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Formoterol	Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like formoterol. Therapy should be monitored.
Terbutaline	Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like terbutaline. Therapy should be monitored.
Methacholine	Beta-Blockers like betaxolol may worsen brochoconstriction and decrease the effectiveness of agents used to treat the resulting bronchoconstriction. Use of betaxolol and methacholine concomitantly is contraindicated.
Methysergide	Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Treprostinil	Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
Ibuprofen	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as ibuprofen may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Acetohexamide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Indomethacin	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as indomethacin may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Insulin Glargine	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Pipobroman	Antagonism
Dihydroergotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Prazosin	Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of Alpha1-Blockers such as prazosin. The risk associated with ophthalmic products is probably less than systemic products. Exercise caution if an alpha1-blocker is added to existing beta-blocker therapy. Monitor for hypotension during first few days of concomitant therapy. A priori reduction in alpha1-blocker (especially systemic) dose may be warranted. Administering the first dose of systemic agents at bedtime may help minimize risk of severe hypotension. The risk associated with the use of ophthalmic products in either interacting group is probably less than that associated with systemic agents. If the alpha1-blocker is being used to treat BPH, consider using tamsulosin since its alpha1-A selectivity is least likely to cause hypotension.
Insulin	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Gliclazide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glyburide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Orciprenaline	Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like orciprenaline. Therapy should be monitored.
Disopyramide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may increase the toxicity of disopyramide.
Epinephrine	Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol may enhance the vasopressor effect of epinephrine. Monitor for increases in pressor effects of alpha-/beta-agonists if used in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy (including ophthalmic products). Beta1-selective (i.e., “cardioselective”) agents may confer a more limited risk if used in low enough doses to allow them to retain their selectivity. The amount of epinephrine used in dental procedures as part of local anesthetic administration is not likely to be of clinical concern. Infiltrating larger volumes of local anesthetics for other surgical procedures (e.g., more than 0.06mg epinephrine) may cause clinically-relevant problems. Patients with allergies that require carrying and periodically using subcutaneous epinephrine (e.g., bee sting kits) should probably avoid the use of beta blockers.
Repaglinide	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Rituximab	Antihypertensives like betaxolol may enhance the hypotensive effect of rituximab. Consider temporarily withholding antihypertensive medications for 12 hours prior to rituximab infusion to avoid excessive hypotension during or immediately after infusion.

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Targets

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor

Enzymes

Cytochrome P450 1A2

Cytochrome P450 2D6