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QuickView for p%20aminohippurate (compound)
DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | p-Aminohippurate |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB00345 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Synonyms: |
Sodium para-Aminohippurate; Aminohippuric acid; para-Aminohippurate; Sodium p-aminohippurate; PAH; Aminohippuric acid Sodium salt; Aminohippurate Sodium
|
| Category: | Indicators and Reagents, Diagnostic aids |
| CAS number: | 94-16-6 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | Used to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and to determine the functional capacity of the tubular excretory mechanism. |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: |
Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation....
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Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance, is essentially nontoxic at the plasma concentrations reached with recommended doses, and its analytical determination is relatively simple and accurate. Aminohippurate is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). This is accomplished by elevating the plasma concentration to levels (40-60 mg/100 mL) sufficient to saturate the maximal capacity of the tubular cells to secrete aminohippurate. Inulin clearance is generally measured during TmPAH determinations since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be known before calculations of secretory Tm measurements can be done.
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| Mechanism of Action: | Aminohippurate is filtered by the renal glomeruli and secreted into the urine by the proximal tubules. By measuring the amount of drug in the urine it is possible to determine functional capacity and effective renal plasma flow. |
| Toxicity: | The intravenous LD50 in female mice is 7.22 g/kg. |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Transporters
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
| UniProt ID: | O15244 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A2 | |
| Actions: | inhibitor | |
| References: |
|
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
| UniProt ID: | O15245 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A1 | ||
| Actions: | inhibitor | ||
| References: |
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Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
| UniProt ID: | O76082 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A5 | ||
| Actions: | inhibitor | ||
| References: |
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Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
| UniProt ID: | P08183 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ABCB1 | |
| Actions: | inhibitor | |
| References: |
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| UniProt ID: | Q4U2R8 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Actions: | substrate, inhibitor | |||||||||||||||||||
| References: |
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Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone- 3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA)
| UniProt ID: | Q8TCC7 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A8 | ||||||||||||
| Actions: | substrate, inhibitor | ||||||||||||
| References: |
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Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter
| UniProt ID: | Q92887 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ABCC2 | ||
| Actions: | substrate, inhibitor | ||
| References: |
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Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
| UniProt ID: | Q9H015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A4 | |
| Actions: | inhibitor | |
| References: |
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Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds
| UniProt ID: | Q9NSA0 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A11 | ||
| Actions: | substrate, inhibitor | ||
| References: |
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Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:10873595). Mediates transport of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2, thyroxine (T4), deltorphin II, BQ-123 and vasopressin, but not DPDPE (a derivative of enkephalin lacking an N-terminal tyrosine residue), estrone-3- sulfate, taurocholate, digoxin nor DHEAS (PubMed:16971491)
| UniProt ID: | Q9UIG8 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLCO3A1 | |
| Actions: | inhibitor | |
| References: |
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Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver
| UniProt ID: | Q9Y6L6 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLCO1B1 | |
| Actions: | inhibitor | |
| References: |
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May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Transports LTC4. May protect milk against xenobiotics
| UniProt ID: | P33527 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ABCC1 | |
| Actions: | substrate | |
| References: |
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Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity)
| UniProt ID: | P46721 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLCO1A2 | |
| Actions: | substrate | |
| References: |
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Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
| UniProt ID: | P53985 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC16A1 | |
| Actions: | substrate | |
| References: |
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Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, allopurinol, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, L-ascorbic acid, salicylate, ethotrexate, and alpha- ketoglutarate
| UniProt ID: | Q9Y694 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC22A7 | |||
| Actions: | substrate | |||
| References: |
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