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PubChem
| Name: | Glutamic Acid |
|---|---|
| PubChem Compound ID: | 10057642 |
| Description: | A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| Molecular formula: | C5H9NO4 |
| Molecular weight: | 148.122 g/mol |
DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | Glutamic Acid |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB00142 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Description: | A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| Synonyms: |
L-Glutaminic acid; Glutamic acid; (2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid; L-a-Aminoglutaric acid; 2-Aminoglutaric acid; 2-Aminopentanedioic acid; (S)-Glutamic acid; 1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid; Glutaminic acid; a-Glutamic acid.
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L-Glutaminic acid; Glutamic acid; (2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid; L-a-Aminoglutaric acid; 2-Aminoglutaric acid; 2-Aminopentanedioic acid; (S)-Glutamic acid; 1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid; Glutaminic acid; a-Glutamic acid; (S)-(+)-Glutamic acid; L-(+)-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamate; (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid; a-Aminoglutaric acid
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| Brand: | Glusate, Glutaminol, Glutamidex, Glutacid, Glutaton, Aciglut, Glutamicol |
| Category: | Micronutrient, Dietary supplement, Non-Essential Amino Acids |
| CAS number: | 56-86-0 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | Considered to be nature's "Brain food" by improving mental capacities; helps speed the healing of ulcers; gives a "lift" from fatigue; helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia and the craving for sugar. |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: | In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons. |
| Mechanism of Action: |
Glutamate activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The ionotropic ones being non-NMDA (AMPA and kainate) and NMDA receptors. Free glutamic acid cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable quantities; instead it is converted into L-glutamine, which the brain uses for fuel and protein synthesis. It is conjectured that g...
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Glutamate activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The ionotropic ones being non-NMDA (AMPA and kainate) and NMDA receptors. Free glutamic acid cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable quantities; instead it is converted into L-glutamine, which the brain uses for fuel and protein synthesis. It is conjectured that glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain, though excessive amounts may cause neuronal damage associated in diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. Also, the drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamate at the NMDA receptor, causing behavior reminiscent of schizophrenia. Glutamate in action is extremely difficult to study due to its transient nature.
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| Absorption: | Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes.Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism. |
| Biotransformation: | Hepatic |
| Toxicity: | Glutamate causes neuronal damage and eventual cell death, particularly when NMDA receptors are activated, High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems. |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Targets
Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. May participate in the central action of glutamate in the CNS, such as long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and long-term depression in the cerebellum
| UniProt ID: | Q13255 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRM1 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity
| UniProt ID: | Q14833 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRM4 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | Q16099 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIK4 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate > domoate > L-glutamate >> AMPA >> NMDA = 1S,3R-ACPD
| UniProt ID: | Q16478 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIK5 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity
| UniProt ID: | Q14831 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRM7 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity
| UniProt ID: | O00222 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRM8 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Transports L-glutamate; the L-glutamate uptake is sodium- and voltage-dependent and chloride-independent. Its associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing
| UniProt ID: | O00341 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC1A7 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L- glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate
| UniProt ID: | O14841 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | OPLAH | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
ATP + 2-N-formyl-1-N-(5-phospho-D- ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + H(2)O = ADP + phosphate + 2- (formamido)-1-N-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate
| UniProt ID: | O15067 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | PFAS | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids
| UniProt ID: | O15382 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | BCAT2 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
| UniProt ID: | O15399 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN2D | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | O43424 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRID2 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
| UniProt ID: | O60391 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN3B | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Furnishes a means for formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu- tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho- Glu-tRNA(Gln) (Potential)
| UniProt ID: | O75879 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | PET112L | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the renal catabolism of glutamine
| UniProt ID: | O94925 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GLS | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P00505 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GOT2 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P07814 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | EPRS | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P08243 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ASNS | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
ATP + L-glutamate + NH(3) = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine
| UniProt ID: | P15104 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GLUL | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P17174 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GOT1 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P17735 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | TAT | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles
| UniProt ID: | P24298 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GPT | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Mediates the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamate residues to calcium binding gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues with the concomitant convertion of the reduced hydroquinone form of vitamin K to vitamin K epoxide
| UniProt ID: | P38435 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GGCX | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Transports L-glutamate and also L- and D-aspartate. Essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate by rapidly removing released glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Acts as a symport by cotransporting sodium
| UniProt ID: | P43003 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC1A3 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Transports L-glutamate and also L- and D-aspartate. Essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate by rapidly removing released glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Acts as a symport by cotransporting sodium
| UniProt ID: | P43004 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC1A2 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
Transports L-glutamate and also L- and D-aspartate. Essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate by rapidly removing released glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Acts as a symport by cotransporting sodium. Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5
| UniProt ID: | P43005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC1A1 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P48506 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GCLC | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Transports L-glutamate and also L- and D-aspartate. Seems to act as a symport by cotransporting sodium
| UniProt ID: | P48664 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC1A6 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
Important for recycling the chief excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, during neurotransmission
| UniProt ID: | P49448 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GLUD2 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides which are not only essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, but also provide GTP, which is involved in a number of cellular processes important for cell division
| UniProt ID: | P49915 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GMPS | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine
| UniProt ID: | P54687 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | BCAT1 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L- beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine
| UniProt ID: | P80404 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ABAT | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
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NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors
| UniProt ID: | Q05586 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN1 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives. This allows tissues to concentrate folate at higher levels than in plasma
| UniProt ID: | Q05932 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | FPGS | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
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Appears to have a role in the catabolic pathway of the renin-angiotensin system. Probably plays a role in regulating growth and differentiation of early B-lineage cells
| UniProt ID: | Q07075 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ENPEP | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
| UniProt ID: | Q12879 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN2A | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
| UniProt ID: | Q13224 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN2B | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
| UniProt ID: | Q14957 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN2C | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
| UniProt ID: | Q2TU84 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GIG18 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
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ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu)
| UniProt ID: | Q5JPH6 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | EARS2 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Not known
| UniProt ID: | Q5TDP6 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | LGSN | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
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ATP + deamido-NAD(+) + L-glutamine + H(2)O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD(+) + L-glutamate
| UniProt ID: | Q6IA69 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | NADSYN1 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
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Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L- tryptophan metabolite L-kinurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). May catalyze the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se- conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond
| UniProt ID: | Q6YP21 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | CCBL2 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Plays a role in the regulation of ureagenesis by producing variable amounts of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), thus modulating carbamoylphosphate synthase I (CPSI) activity
| UniProt ID: | Q8N159 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | NAGS | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Shows activity also towards tryptophan, aspartate and hydroxykinurenine
| UniProt ID: | Q8N5Z0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | AADAT | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism
| UniProt ID: | Q8TCU5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIN3A | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L- glutamate
| UniProt ID: | Q8TD30 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GPT2 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Involved in the transport of glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glutamate is cotransported with H(+)
| UniProt ID: | Q9H1K4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC25A18 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Involved in the transport of glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glutamate is cotransported with H(+)
| UniProt ID: | Q9H936 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC25A22 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively
| UniProt ID: | Q9UDR5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | AASS | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
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Plays an important role in the regulation of glutamine catabolism
| UniProt ID: | Q9UI32 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GLS2 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Likely to play an important role in intracellular protein and peptide metabolism
| UniProt ID: | Q9ULA0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | DNPEP | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | Q9ULK0 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRID1 | ||
| Actions: | unknown | ||
| References: |
|
Sodium-independent, high-affinity exchange of anionic amino acids with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate
| UniProt ID: | Q9UPY5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC7A11 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
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| UniProt ID: | Q9Y646 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | PGCP | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
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| UniProt ID: | Q9Y617 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | PSAT1 | ||||
| Actions: | unknown | ||||
| References: |
|
May be involved in learning and memory reactions by increasing the turnover of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
| UniProt ID: | P00367 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GLUD1 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. This receptor binds domoate > kainate > L-glutamate = quisqualate > CNQX = DNQX > AMPA > dihydrokainate > NMDA
| UniProt ID: | P39086 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIK1 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | P42261 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIA1 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P48507 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GCLM | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC
| UniProt ID: | Q04609 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | FOLH1 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the production of GABA
| UniProt ID: | Q05329 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GAD2 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Catalyzes the production of GABA
| UniProt ID: | Q99259 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GAD1 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Folate-dependent enzyme, that displays both transferase and deaminase activity. Serves to channel one-carbon units from formiminoglutamate to the folate pool
| UniProt ID: | O95954 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | FTCD | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA(quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate
| UniProt ID: | P42262 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIA2 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of GLU are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | P42263 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIA3 | |||
| Actions: | unknown | |||
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists
| UniProt ID: | P48058 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIA4 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
| UniProt ID: | P54886 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | ALDH18A1 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. This receptor binds domoate > kainate > quisqualate > 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > L-glutamate = 6,7- dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > dihydrokainate
| UniProt ID: | Q13002 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIK2 | |
| Actions: | unknown | |
| References: |
|
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds domoate > kainate >> L-glutamate = quisqualate >> AMPA = NMDA
| UniProt ID: | Q13003 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | GRIK3 | |||||
| Actions: | unknown | |||||
| References: |
|
Transporters
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity)
| UniProt ID: | Q8TF71 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC16A10 | ||
| Actions: | substrate, inhibitor | ||
| References: |
|
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
| UniProt ID: | P53985 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene: | SLC16A1 | |
| Actions: | substrate | |
| References: |
|
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