Name: | Quinine |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 1065 |
Description: | An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. |
Molecular formula: | C20H24N2O2 |
Molecular weight: | 324.417 g/mol |
Synonyms: |
Chinine; (-)-Quinine; NSC131458; NCI60_004320; 2-Quinuclidinemethanol, .alpha.-(6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)-5-vinyl-; NSC192949; 130-95-0; Quinine; Quinidine; 6-Methoxycinchonine.
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Name: | Quinine |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00468 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. |
Synonyms: |
6'-Methoxycinchonine; 6'-Methoxycinchonidine; Quinoline Alkaloid; Quinineanhydrous; Quinine sulfate; Quinine, Anhydrous
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Brand: | Coco-Quinine, Quinine Dab, Chinine, Aflukin, None, Chinin |
Brand name mixture: | Triogene for(Calcium Glycerophosphate + Gentiana Lutea + Iron + Kola + Quinine), Holis 22(Carbon Disulfide + Chenopodium Ambrosioides + Quinine Sulfate + Tobacco), Holis 73(Asafetida + Charcoal Activated + Gratiola Officinalis + Lycopodium Clavatum + Magnesium Carbonate + Potassium Carbonate + Quinine + Silver Nitrate), Holis 12 Pr(Aloe + Citrul... show more » |
Category: | Antimalarials, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Muscle Relaxants, Central |
CAS number: | 130-95-0 |
Indication: | For the treatment of malaria and leg cramps |
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Pharmacology: |
Quinine is used parenterally to treat life-threatening infections caused by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quinine acts as a blood schizonticide although it also has gametocytocidal activity against P. vivax and P. malariae. Because it is a weak base, it is concentrated in the food vacuoles of P. falciparum. It is thought to a...
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Mechanism of Action: | The theorized mechanism of action for quinine and related anti-malarial drugs is that these drugs are toxic to the malaria parasite. Specifically, the drugs interfere with the parasite's ability to break down and digest hemoglobin. Consequently, the parasite starves and/or builds up toxic levels of partially degraded hemoglobin in itself. |
Absorption: | 76 - 88% |
Protein binding: | Approximately 70% |
Biotransformation: | Hepatic, over 80% metabolized by the liver. |
Route of elimination: | Quinine is eliminated primarily via hepatic biotransformation. Approximately 20% of quinine is excreted unchanged in urine. |
Half Life: | Approximately 18 hours |
Clearance: | 0.17 L/h/kg [healthy] 0.09 L/h/kg [patients with uncomplicated malaria] 18.4 L/h [healthy adult subjects with administration of multiple-dose activated charcoal] 11.8 L/h [healthy adult subjects without administration of multiple-dose activated charcoal] Oral cl=0.06 L/h/kg [elderly subjects] |
Toxicity: | Quinine is a documented causative agent of drug induced thrombocytopenia (DIT). Thrombocytopenia is a low amount of platelets in the blood. Quinine induces production of antibodies against glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex in the majority of cases of DIT, or more rarely, the platelet-glycoprotein complex GPIIb-IIIa. Increased antibodies against these complexes increases platelet clearance, leading to the observed thrombocytopenia. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
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