Name: | Methamphetamine |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 10836 |
Description: | A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. |
Molecular formula: | C10H15N |
Molecular weight: | 149.233 g/mol |
Synonyms: |
Benzeneethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-, (S)- (9CI); Metamfetamina; Benzeneethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-, (alphaS)-; Metamfetamine; (+)-2-(N-Methylamino)-1-phenylpropane; 45952-89-4; Metamphetamine; 1690-86-4; Benzeneethanamine, N,.alpha.-dimethyl-, (+)-; Methylamphetamine.
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Name: | Methamphetamine |
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Name (isomeric): | DB01577 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. |
Synonyms: |
(s)-(+)-methamphetamine; (s)-n,alpha-dimethylbenzeneethanoamine; (s)-methylamphetamine; (+)-(s)-n-alpha-dimethylphenethylamine; L-methamphetamine; (s)-methamphetamine; D-n-methylamphetamine; (+)-2-(N-Methylamino)-1-phenylpropane; Meth; (+)-methylamphetamine.
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Brand: | Norodin, Desyphed hydrochloride, Speed, Metamfetamine-m, Metamfetamine, Desyphed, Desoxyn, Stimulex |
Category: | Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Adrenergic Agents, Sympathomimetics, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Dopamine Agents |
CAS number: | 537-46-2 |
Indication: | For the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) and exogenous obesity. |
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Pharmacology: |
Methamphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant which affects neurochemical mechanisms responsible for regulating heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, appetite, attention, mood and responses associated with alertness or alarm conditions. The acute effects of the drug closely resemble the physiological and psychological effects...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Methamphetamine enters the brain and triggers a cascading release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. To a lesser extent methamphetamine acts as a dopaminergic and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor and in high concentrations as a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). The mechanism of action involved in producing the beneficial behavioral changes se...
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Absorption: | Methamphetamine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak methamphetamine concentrations occurring in 3.13 to 6.3 hours post ingestion. Methamphetamine is also well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration. It is distributed to most parts of the body. Because methamphetamine has a high lipophilicity it is distributed across the blood brain barrier and crosses the placenta. |
Biotransformation: | Hepatic. The primary site of metabolism is in the liver by aromatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation and deamination. At least seven metabolites have been identified in the urine, with the main metabolites being amphetamine (active) and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine. Other minor metabolites include 4-hydroxyamphetamine, norephedrine, and 4-hydroxynorephedrine. |
Route of elimination: | Excretion occurs primarily in the urine, the rate of which is dependent on urine pH. Between 30-54% of an oral dose is excreted in urine as unchanged methamphetamine and 10-23% as unchanged amphetamine. Following an intravenous dose, 45% is excreted as unchanged parent drug and 7% amphetamine. |
Half Life: | The biological half-life has been reported in the range of 4 to 5 hours. |
Toxicity: | Manifestations of acute overdosage with methamphetamine include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states, hyperpyrexia, and rhabdomyolysis. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central stimulation. Cardiovascular effects include arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension, and circulatory collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatal poisoning usually terminates in convulsions and coma. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Drug interaction: |
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